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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11 Blood/Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Blood/Lymphatic System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ana-

A

up, toward

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2
Q

homo-

A

same

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3
Q

iso-

A

equal

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4
Q

macro-

A

large

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5
Q

micro-

A

small

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6
Q

pro-

A

before

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7
Q

trans-

A

through, across

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8
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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9
Q

aut/o

A

self

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10
Q

bacter/o, bacteri/o

A

bacteria

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11
Q

blast/o

A

germ, bud

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12
Q

chromat/o

A

color

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13
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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14
Q

fung/o

A

fungus

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15
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

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16
Q

immun/o

A

exempt, immunity

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17
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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18
Q

lymph/o

A

clear water, fluid

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19
Q

mon/o

A

one

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20
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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21
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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22
Q

path/o

A

disease

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23
Q

plas/o

A

change

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24
Q

poikil/o

A

irregular

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25
Q

septic/o

A

putrefying, decay, rot

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26
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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27
Q

staphyl/o

A

grape-like clusters, staphylococcus bacteria

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28
Q

strept/o

A

twisted

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29
Q

therm/o

A

heat

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30
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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31
Q

thym/o

A

wart-like, thymus gland

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32
Q

tox/o, toxic/o

A

poison

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33
Q

vir/o

A

virus

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34
Q

-crit

A

to separate

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35
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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36
Q

-emia, -hemia

A

condition of blood

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37
Q

-globin

A

globe-like protein

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38
Q

-lysis

A

to loosen, dissolve

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39
Q

-osis

A

condition of

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40
Q

-penia

A

reduction in number

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41
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation, suspension

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42
Q

-phil, -philia

A

loving, affinity for

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43
Q

-phylaxis

A

protection

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44
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

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45
Q

-stasis

A

standing still

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46
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

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47
Q

Function of Blood

A

transport oxygen, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, and waste

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48
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

Pea-sized organs-contain white blood cells-filter lymph by removing bacteria/unwanted materials

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49
Q

White Blood Cells

A

Defend against viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and nonliving substances causing disease (immune response)

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50
Q

Plasma

A

fluid part of blood-thicker, yellowish substance (due to dissolved proteins)

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51
Q

Fibrinogen

A

protein in the blood-clotting process (removal produces SERUM)

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52
Q

Elements carried in the plasma (3)

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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53
Q

Stem Cells

A

Produce red blood cells (produced in bone marrow-hematopoiesis process)

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54
Q

Erythrocytes/Red Blood Cells

A

most abundant cells -depression in center to carry oxygen (contain hemaglobin protein)

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55
Q

Coagulation/Thrombocytes/Platelets

A

releasing of proteins to clot blood to PREVENT BLOOD LOSS

56
Q

Leukocytes/White Blood Cells

A

protect body from infectious microorganisms/unwanted material (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils-attack/eat bacteria)

57
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cellular process of “eating” substances

58
Q

Two Types of Lymphocytes

A

T cells- destroying unwanted substances

B cells- produce antibodies (attach to antigens)

59
Q

Antigens

A

Unwanted substances

60
Q

Lymph

A

Yellowish Fluid-flows toward heart

61
Q

Spleen

A

located laterally to stomach-Lymphatic organ (WBC)

62
Q

Thymus Gland/Tonsils

A

Gland in chest (WBC)/Three pairs in throat

63
Q

Lymphatic Nodules

A

embedded within wall of large intestine (WBC)

64
Q

Pathogens

A

Disease-causing agents (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans)

65
Q

Infection

A

immunological disease result of a pathogen

66
Q

Immune Response

A

body’s defense from infection

67
Q

Immunity

A

resistance from infection

68
Q

Bacteria

A

no nucleus, small, some good-some bad

69
Q

Lymphatic Trunks

A

large vessels carry lymph to subclavian veins near heart

70
Q

Virus

A

particle consists of protein coat enclosing RNA/DNA capable of infecting living cells

71
Q

Anisocytosis

A

unequal size RBC’s

72
Q

Bactremia

A

bacteria in bloodstream

73
Q

Erythropenia

A

Reduced RBC’s

74
Q

Hemolysis

A

Rupture of RBC membrane

75
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Loss of blood from circulation

76
Q

Macrocytosis

A

Large-sized RBC’s

77
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

large, irregular shaped RBC’s

78
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increase in number of erythrocytes in blood

79
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlargement of spleen

80
Q

AIDS

A

(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) disables immune response-destroy helper T cells

81
Q

Allergy

A

Response to allergen-hypersensitivity reaction (inflammation)

82
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

immediate rxn to antigen-rapid inflammation

83
Q

Anemia

A

reduced ability of RBC’s to deliver oxygen to tissues

84
Q

Aplastic Anemia

A

failure of red bone marrow to produce RBC’s

85
Q

Autoimmune Disorder

A

person’s own immune response attacking (mult. sclerosis, lupus)

86
Q

Botulism

A

form of poisoning-contaminated food ingestion (bacteria)

87
Q

Diphtheria

A

inflammation of mucus membranes-bacterium and its toxin

88
Q

Dyscrasia

A

Abnormal condition of blood

89
Q

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

A

blood disorder with fetus positive and mother negative blood

90
Q

Gas Gangrene

A

infection of wound by bacteria

91
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

inherited disorder-excessive iron deposits in body

92
Q

Hodgkin’s Disease (cancer)

A

Cancer in lymphatic tissue-enlargement of lymph nodes, fatigue, bad immunity

93
Q

Immunodeficiency

A

Defective immune response

94
Q

Immunosuppression

A

reduction of immune response caused by disease, organ transplants, chemical, physical agents

95
Q

Infection

A

multiplication of disease-causing microorganisms

96
Q

Influenza

A

viral disease-temp inflammation of mucous membranes and fever “the flu”

97
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

anemia-lack of iron-smaller RBC’s

98
Q

Leukemia

A

Increase in WBC’s-cancer of red bone marrow

99
Q

Malaria

A

Disease caused by parasitic protozoan-infects RBC’s (mosquitoes)

100
Q

Mononucleosis

A

viral- enlarged lymph nodes, sore throat, fever, fatigue

101
Q

Nosocomial Infections

A

Bacterial infection during hospital stay

102
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A

Anemia caused by insufficiency of vitamin B12

103
Q

Plague

A

disease caused by bacteria-fever, skin eruptions, internal hemorrhage, pneumonia (bubonic plague)

104
Q

Rabies

A

Viral infection-from bite of infected animal

105
Q

Septicemia

A

toxins/bacteria present in blood

106
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia

A

chronic anemia-RBC’s misshapen (drowsy, fever, joint pain, thrombosis)

107
Q

Tetanus

A

Disease caused by releasing of neurotoxin by Bacteria Clostridium-convulsions and paralysis

108
Q

Antiretroviral Therapy

A

drugs to battle against class of viruses (retroviruses)

109
Q

Attenuation

A

pathogens rendered less virulent

110
Q

Autologous Transfusion

A

blood donated by pt for personal use (before surgery to prevent incompatibility)

111
Q

Blood Transfusion

A

Blood substitute into pt circulation-restore blood volume

112
Q

Coagulation Time

A

timed blood test to determine time for blood clot to form

113
Q

Complete Blood Count

A

Diagnostic info of pt’s general health

114
Q

Differential Count

A

Microscopic-Count each type of WBC

115
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

A

Timed test-hemoglobin content measured

116
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of RBC in volume of blood

117
Q

Hemostasis

A

stop bleeding

118
Q

Homologous Transfusion

A

Voluntary donation of blood-blood type matched

119
Q

Immunization

A

Procedure provides immunity to particular antigen

120
Q

Lymph Node Dissection

A

Remove lymph nodes-assist in diagnosis

121
Q

Pheresis

A

remove donor’s blood-only one portion used

122
Q

Prophylaxis

A

treatment prevent onset of infection

123
Q

Vaccination

A

culture-provide cure

124
Q

Vaccine

A

preparation used to activate immune response

125
Q

Antibiotics

A

Kill bacteria

126
Q

Antiseptics

A

kill bacteria in wounds

127
Q

Corticosteroid Cream

A

reduce inflammation

128
Q

Immunosuppressants

A

inhibit immune response-reduces organ transplant rejection

129
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

130
Q

CBC

A

Complete Blood Count

131
Q

HCT

A

Hematocrit

132
Q

HGB

A

Hemoglobin

133
Q

HIV

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

134
Q

PLT

A

Platelet count

135
Q

PT

A

Prothrombin time

136
Q

RBC

A

Red Blood Cell

137
Q

WBC

A

White Blood Cell

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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