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Medical Terminology > Chapter 12 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Respiratory System

A

1) Brings oxygen to bloodstream-carries it to body cells 2) removes waste products from blood and channels them outside the body

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2
Q

Respiration

A

Process of providing cells with oxygen

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3
Q

a-, an-

A

without, absence of

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4
Q

dia-

A

through

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5
Q

endo-

A

within

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6
Q

epi-

A

upon, over

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7
Q

eu-

A

normal, good

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8
Q

neo-

A

new

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9
Q

pan-

A

all, entire

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10
Q

poly-

A

many

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11
Q

alveol/o

A

air sac, alveolus

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12
Q

atel/o

A

incomplete

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13
Q

bronch/o, bronch/i

A

airway, bronchus

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14
Q

con/i

A

dust

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15
Q

cyst/o

A

sac, bladder

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16
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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17
Q

glott/o

A

opening into the windpipe

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18
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

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19
Q

laryng/o

A

voice box, larynx

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20
Q

lob/o

A

rounded part, lobe

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21
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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22
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

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23
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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24
Q

ox/i

A

oxygen

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25
Q

pharyng/o

A

throat, pharynx

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26
Q

phragm/o, phragmat/o

A

partition

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27
Q

pleur/o

A

rib, pleura

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28
Q

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneumat/o

A

air, lung

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29
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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30
Q

py/o

A

pus

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31
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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32
Q

sept/o

A

wall, partition

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33
Q

sinus/o

A

cavity

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34
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

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35
Q

spir/o

A

to breathe

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36
Q

sten/o

A

narrowing, constriction

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37
Q

thorac/o

A

chest, thorax

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38
Q

tonsill/o

A

almond, tonsil

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39
Q

trache/o

A

windpipe, trachea

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40
Q

tubercul/o

A

little mass or swelling

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41
Q

-algia

A

pain

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42
Q

-ar, -ary

A

pertaining to

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43
Q

-capnia

A

condition of carbon dioxide

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44
Q

-cele

A

swelling, hernia

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45
Q

-centesis

A

puncture to aspirate, remove fluids

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46
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

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47
Q

-ectasis

A

expansion, dilation

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48
Q

-emia

A

condition of blood

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49
Q

-metry

A

measurement

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50
Q

-osis

A

condition of

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51
Q

-oxia

A

oxygen

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52
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation, suspension

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53
Q

-phonia

A

condition of sound or voice

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54
Q

-plasm

A

something shaped

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55
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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56
Q

-ptysis

A

to cough up

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57
Q

-rrhagia

A

bleeding, hemorrhage

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58
Q

-rrhea

A

excessive discharge (of fluid)

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59
Q

-spasm

A

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

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60
Q

-stomy

A

surgical creation of an opening

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61
Q

-otomy, -tomy

A

cutting into, incision

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62
Q

When does the first step of bringing oxygen to the blood occur?

A

Inhalation (muscle contraction)-when air moves from outside environment to tiny air sacs within the lungs

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63
Q

alveoli

A

air sacs within the lungs

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64
Q

diaphragm

A

most important respiratory muscle

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65
Q

Expiration

A

when respiratory muscles relax and air is exhaled

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66
Q

Ventilation

A

Inspiration and expiration together

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67
Q

When does the second step of bringing oxygen to the blood occur?

A

Respiration

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68
Q

Third step?

A

Internal respiration

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69
Q

Internal Respiration

A

when oxygen is carried in the blood stream diffuses into surrounding cells and carbon dioxide moves from the cells into bloodstream

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70
Q

Respiration

A

when fresh air fills the lungs

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71
Q

Final step of respiration?

A

when body exhales, pushing used air and carbon dioxide out of the body

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72
Q

Respiratory Portion

A

the alveoli-the site where gas exchange occurs with the blood stream

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73
Q

The respiratory system extends…

A

from the nose down into the lungs

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74
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

organs that conduct air from the outside to the thoracic cavity

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75
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract Organs (4)

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea

76
Q

Why is each organ lined with moist mucous membranes?

A

1) It warms and humidifies the air on its way to the lungs 2)traps foreign particles and cilia beat in rhythm to transport particles to mouth or nose (cough/sneeze)

77
Q

Nasal Cavity

A

Located in Nose-connected to the paranasal sinuses

78
Q

Pharynx

A

OR throat-chamber for swallowing food and breathing air

79
Q

From the pharynx, air enters the

A

Larynx

80
Q

From the pharynx, food enters the

A

Esophagus

81
Q

How is the entry of food into the airway prevented?

A

By a flap of cartilage that covers the opening into the larynx during swallowing

82
Q

Opening of Larynx

A

Glottis

83
Q

Cartilage of Larynx

A

Epiglottis

84
Q

Why is the larynx also called the voice box?

A

It has a box-like structure that produces sounds

85
Q

Trachea (windpipe)

A

foot-long tube that carries air between the larynx and bronchi

86
Q

Bronchi, Bronchial Tree, and Bronchioles are all organs that make up the….

A

Lower respiratory tract

87
Q

Two branches of bronchi at distal end of trachea?

A

Right and Left Primary Bronchi

88
Q

Bronchioles

A

microscopic clusters of alveoli

89
Q

Respiratory Membrane

A

site of gas diffusion between the lungs and blood-barrier btw the alveolus and the bloodstream

90
Q

Pulmonary Specialist

A

Physician who treats lung disease

91
Q

Nose and throat specialist

A

Physician who treats diseases of nose and pharynx

92
Q

Oncologist

A

Physician who treats cancer (lung cancer as well)

93
Q

Respiratory Therapist

A

Technician with special training in treatment of breathing problems

94
Q

Acapnia

A

absence of carbon dioxide

95
Q

Anoxia

A

Absence of oxygen

96
Q

Aphonia

A

Absence of voice

97
Q

Apnea

A

Inability to breathe

98
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing

99
Q

Bronchospasm

A

Narrowing of airway caused by contraction of smooth muscles in walls of broncioles

100
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

A

Pattern of breathing marked by a gradual increase of deep breathing followed by shallow breathing that leads to apnea

101
Q

Dysphonia

A

Hoarseness of the voice

102
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

103
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

104
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal Breathing

105
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up and spitting out blood originating from the lungs

106
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood in the pleural cavity

107
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood

108
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Deep Breathing

109
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs

110
Q

Hypopnea

A

Shallow breathing

111
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Breathing rhythm that fails to meet the body’s gas exchange demands

112
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Deficient levels of oxygen in the blood

113
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficient levels of oxygen in tissues throughout the body

114
Q

Laryngospasm

A

Spasmodic closure of the glottis

115
Q

Orthopnea

A

Ability to breathe is limited to an upright position

116
Q

Paroxysm

A

Sudden sharp pain/convulsion

117
Q

Rhinorrhagia

A

Rapid flow of blood from the nose (epistaxis)

118
Q

Sputum

A

Expectorated matter, usually containing mucus/pus

119
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid breathing

120
Q

Thoracalgia

A

Pain in the chest region

121
Q

Asphyxia

A

Absence of respiratory ventilation, or suffocation

122
Q

Asthma

A

Narrowing of bronchioles and formation of mucus plugs (wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing)

123
Q

Atelectasis

A

Absence of gas in lungs due to failure of alveolar expansion (collapsed lung)

124
Q

Bronchiesctasis

A

Dilation of bronchi

125
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of bronchi

126
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

cancer originating in bronchi

127
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

Acute inflammation of smaller bronchial tubes, bronchioles, and alveoli

128
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

Group of disorders associated with obstruction of bronchial airflow (tobacco products)

129
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

A

Fungal infection of upper respiratory tract and lungs-spreads to other organs (valley fever)

130
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A

Disease of heart caused by chronic lung disease

131
Q

Coryza

A

Viral common head cold

132
Q

Croup

A

Disease of infants/young children-caused by obstruction of larynx and characterized by hoarse cough

133
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Hereditary-excess mucus production in respiratory tract

134
Q

Deviated Septum

A

Nasal septum dividing two nasal cavities is not median, creating one cavity that is larger than the other

135
Q

Diaphragmatocele

A

Hernia of diaphragm

136
Q

Emphysema

A

Chronic lung disease-enlarged alveoli and damaged respiratory membrane

137
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of epiglottis

138
Q

Insomnia

A

Inability to sleep

139
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of larynx

140
Q

Laryngotracheobrongchitis

A

Chronic inflammation of larynx, trachea and bronchi

141
Q

Legionellosis

A

Form of pneumonia caused by bacterium

142
Q

Nasopharyngitis

A

Inflammation of nose and pharynx

143
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea

A

Collapse of pharynx during sleep-airway obstruction

144
Q

Pansinusitis

A

Inflammation of all paranasal sinuses on one or both sides of face

145
Q

Pertussis

A

Inflammation of larynx, trachea, and bronchi-spasmic coughing (whooping cough)

146
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of pharynx

147
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Escape of fluid into pleural cavity during inflammation

148
Q

Pneumonconiosis

A

Inflammation of lungs caused by inhaling fine particles

149
Q

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

A

pneumonia caused by fungus P. carinii that is a common opportunistic disease in patients with AIDS

150
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of soft lung tissue caused by bacterial, viral, fungal infections

151
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Presence of air or gas in pleural cavity

152
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Accumulation of fluid in alveoli and bronchioles

153
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Blockage in pulmonary circulation caused by moving blood clot

154
Q

Pulmonary neoplasm

A

tumor of the lung

155
Q

Pulmonary tuberculosis

A

Infection of lungs by bacterium

156
Q

Pyothorax

A

Condition of pus in pleural cavity

157
Q

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

Two types-Neonatal and Adult

158
Q

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

A

Viral infection results in respiratory distress-lung inflammation, alveolar damage, and atelectasis

159
Q

Tracheostenosis

A

Narrowing of trachea

160
Q

Upper Respiratory Infection

A

Infection in pharynx, larynx, and trachea

161
Q

How does TB spread?

A

Through air in tiny droplets of sputum-given off by cough or speaks

162
Q

Acid-fast bacilli smear

A

Clinical test on sputum to identify presence of bacteria that react to acid

163
Q

Antihistamine

A

Therapeutic drug that inhibits effects of histamines-compounds released by cells cause bronchial constriction

164
Q

Arterial blood gases

A

Clinical test on arterial blood-identify levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

165
Q

Auscultation

A

Listens to sounds in body (stethoscope)

166
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

insertion of tube into trachea via nose or mouth to open an airway

167
Q

Expectorant

A

Drug breaks up mucus and promotes coughing to remove mucus

168
Q

Incentive Spirometry

A

Post-op breathing therapy-lung exercise

169
Q

Mechanical ventilation

A

assisted breathing using ventilator

170
Q

Nebulizer

A

Device converts a liquid medication into a mist to deliver to the lungs

171
Q

Oximetry

A

Measures of Oxygen levels in blood (oximeter)

172
Q

Ventilation-perfusion scanning

A

Diagnostic tool used to evaluate pulmonary function

173
Q

Nasal Septum

A

divides nasal cavity into right and left nasal chambers

174
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Outer membrane of lungs

175
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

Inner thorax membrane of lungs

176
Q

Pleural cavity

A

cavity btwn visceral pleura and parietal pleura

177
Q

ABG’s

A

arterial blood gases

178
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

179
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

180
Q

CXR

A

Chest x-ray

181
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

182
Q

PE

A

Pulmonary embolism

183
Q

RDS

A

respiratory distress syndrome

184
Q

SARS

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome

185
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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