Chapter 12 Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
Respiratory System
A
1) Brings oxygen to bloodstream-carries it to body cells 2) removes waste products from blood and channels them outside the body
2
Q
Respiration
A
Process of providing cells with oxygen
3
Q
a-, an-
A
without, absence of
4
Q
dia-
A
through
5
Q
endo-
A
within
6
Q
epi-
A
upon, over
7
Q
eu-
A
normal, good
8
Q
neo-
A
new
9
Q
pan-
A
all, entire
10
Q
poly-
A
many
11
Q
alveol/o
A
air sac, alveolus
12
Q
atel/o
A
incomplete
13
Q
bronch/o, bronch/i
A
airway, bronchus
14
Q
con/i
A
dust
15
Q
cyst/o
A
sac, bladder
16
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber
17
Q
glott/o
A
opening into the windpipe
18
Q
hem/o, hemat/o
A
blood
19
Q
laryng/o
A
voice box, larynx
20
Q
lob/o
A
rounded part, lobe
21
Q
orth/o
A
straight
22
Q
muc/o
A
mucus
23
Q
nas/o
A
nose
24
Q
ox/i
A
oxygen
25
pharyng/o
throat, pharynx
26
phragm/o, phragmat/o
partition
27
pleur/o
rib, pleura
28
pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneumat/o
air, lung
29
pulmon/o
lung
30
py/o
pus
31
rhin/o
nose
32
sept/o
wall, partition
33
sinus/o
cavity
34
somn/o
sleep
35
spir/o
to breathe
36
sten/o
narrowing, constriction
37
thorac/o
chest, thorax
38
tonsill/o
almond, tonsil
39
trache/o
windpipe, trachea
40
tubercul/o
little mass or swelling
41
-algia
pain
42
-ar, -ary
pertaining to
43
-capnia
condition of carbon dioxide
44
-cele
swelling, hernia
45
-centesis
puncture to aspirate, remove fluids
46
-eal
pertaining to
47
-ectasis
expansion, dilation
48
-emia
condition of blood
49
-metry
measurement
50
-osis
condition of
51
-oxia
oxygen
52
-pexy
surgical fixation, suspension
53
-phonia
condition of sound or voice
54
-plasm
something shaped
55
-pnea
breathing
56
-ptysis
to cough up
57
-rrhagia
bleeding, hemorrhage
58
-rrhea
excessive discharge (of fluid)
59
-spasm
sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
60
-stomy
surgical creation of an opening
61
-otomy, -tomy
cutting into, incision
62
When does the first step of bringing oxygen to the blood occur?
Inhalation (muscle contraction)-when air moves from outside environment to tiny air sacs within the lungs
63
alveoli
air sacs within the lungs
64
diaphragm
most important respiratory muscle
65
Expiration
when respiratory muscles relax and air is exhaled
66
Ventilation
Inspiration and expiration together
67
When does the second step of bringing oxygen to the blood occur?
Respiration
68
Third step?
Internal respiration
69
Internal Respiration
when oxygen is carried in the blood stream diffuses into surrounding cells and carbon dioxide moves from the cells into bloodstream
70
Respiration
when fresh air fills the lungs
71
Final step of respiration?
when body exhales, pushing used air and carbon dioxide out of the body
72
Respiratory Portion
the alveoli-the site where gas exchange occurs with the blood stream
73
The respiratory system extends...
from the nose down into the lungs
74
Upper Respiratory Tract
organs that conduct air from the outside to the thoracic cavity
75
Upper Respiratory Tract Organs (4)
Nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea
76
Why is each organ lined with moist mucous membranes?
1) It warms and humidifies the air on its way to the lungs 2)traps foreign particles and cilia beat in rhythm to transport particles to mouth or nose (cough/sneeze)
77
Nasal Cavity
Located in Nose-connected to the paranasal sinuses
78
Pharynx
OR throat-chamber for swallowing food and breathing air
79
From the pharynx, air enters the
Larynx
80
From the pharynx, food enters the
Esophagus
81
How is the entry of food into the airway prevented?
By a flap of cartilage that covers the opening into the larynx during swallowing
82
Opening of Larynx
Glottis
83
Cartilage of Larynx
Epiglottis
84
Why is the larynx also called the voice box?
It has a box-like structure that produces sounds
85
Trachea (windpipe)
foot-long tube that carries air between the larynx and bronchi
86
Bronchi, Bronchial Tree, and Bronchioles are all organs that make up the....
Lower respiratory tract
87
Two branches of bronchi at distal end of trachea?
Right and Left Primary Bronchi
88
Bronchioles
microscopic clusters of alveoli
89
Respiratory Membrane
site of gas diffusion between the lungs and blood-barrier btw the alveolus and the bloodstream
90
Pulmonary Specialist
Physician who treats lung disease
91
Nose and throat specialist
Physician who treats diseases of nose and pharynx
92
Oncologist
Physician who treats cancer (lung cancer as well)
93
Respiratory Therapist
Technician with special training in treatment of breathing problems
94
Acapnia
absence of carbon dioxide
95
Anoxia
Absence of oxygen
96
Aphonia
Absence of voice
97
Apnea
Inability to breathe
98
Bradypnea
Slow breathing
99
Bronchospasm
Narrowing of airway caused by contraction of smooth muscles in walls of broncioles
100
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
Pattern of breathing marked by a gradual increase of deep breathing followed by shallow breathing that leads to apnea
101
Dysphonia
Hoarseness of the voice
102
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing
103
Epistaxis
Nosebleed
104
Eupnea
Normal Breathing
105
Hemoptysis
Coughing up and spitting out blood originating from the lungs
106
Hemothorax
Blood in the pleural cavity
107
Hypercapnia
Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
108
Hyperpnea
Deep Breathing
109
Hyperventilation
Excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs
110
Hypopnea
Shallow breathing
111
Hypoventilation
Breathing rhythm that fails to meet the body's gas exchange demands
112
Hypoxemia
Deficient levels of oxygen in the blood
113
Hypoxia
Deficient levels of oxygen in tissues throughout the body
114
Laryngospasm
Spasmodic closure of the glottis
115
Orthopnea
Ability to breathe is limited to an upright position
116
Paroxysm
Sudden sharp pain/convulsion
117
Rhinorrhagia
Rapid flow of blood from the nose (epistaxis)
118
Sputum
Expectorated matter, usually containing mucus/pus
119
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing
120
Thoracalgia
Pain in the chest region
121
Asphyxia
Absence of respiratory ventilation, or suffocation
122
Asthma
Narrowing of bronchioles and formation of mucus plugs (wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing)
123
Atelectasis
Absence of gas in lungs due to failure of alveolar expansion (collapsed lung)
124
Bronchiesctasis
Dilation of bronchi
125
Bronchitis
Inflammation of bronchi
126
Bronchogenic carcinoma
cancer originating in bronchi
127
Bronchopneumonia
Acute inflammation of smaller bronchial tubes, bronchioles, and alveoli
128
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Group of disorders associated with obstruction of bronchial airflow (tobacco products)
129
Coccidioidomycosis
Fungal infection of upper respiratory tract and lungs-spreads to other organs (valley fever)
130
Cor Pulmonale
Disease of heart caused by chronic lung disease
131
Coryza
Viral common head cold
132
Croup
Disease of infants/young children-caused by obstruction of larynx and characterized by hoarse cough
133
Cystic Fibrosis
Hereditary-excess mucus production in respiratory tract
134
Deviated Septum
Nasal septum dividing two nasal cavities is not median, creating one cavity that is larger than the other
135
Diaphragmatocele
Hernia of diaphragm
136
Emphysema
Chronic lung disease-enlarged alveoli and damaged respiratory membrane
137
Epiglottitis
Inflammation of epiglottis
138
Insomnia
Inability to sleep
139
Laryngitis
Inflammation of larynx
140
Laryngotracheobrongchitis
Chronic inflammation of larynx, trachea and bronchi
141
Legionellosis
Form of pneumonia caused by bacterium
142
Nasopharyngitis
Inflammation of nose and pharynx
143
Obstructive sleep apnea
Collapse of pharynx during sleep-airway obstruction
144
Pansinusitis
Inflammation of all paranasal sinuses on one or both sides of face
145
Pertussis
Inflammation of larynx, trachea, and bronchi-spasmic coughing (whooping cough)
146
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of pharynx
147
Pleural effusion
Escape of fluid into pleural cavity during inflammation
148
Pneumonconiosis
Inflammation of lungs caused by inhaling fine particles
149
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
pneumonia caused by fungus P. carinii that is a common opportunistic disease in patients with AIDS
150
Pneumonia
Inflammation of soft lung tissue caused by bacterial, viral, fungal infections
151
Pneumothorax
Presence of air or gas in pleural cavity
152
Pulmonary edema
Accumulation of fluid in alveoli and bronchioles
153
Pulmonary Embolism
Blockage in pulmonary circulation caused by moving blood clot
154
Pulmonary neoplasm
tumor of the lung
155
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Infection of lungs by bacterium
156
Pyothorax
Condition of pus in pleural cavity
157
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Two types-Neonatal and Adult
158
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Viral infection results in respiratory distress-lung inflammation, alveolar damage, and atelectasis
159
Tracheostenosis
Narrowing of trachea
160
Upper Respiratory Infection
Infection in pharynx, larynx, and trachea
161
How does TB spread?
Through air in tiny droplets of sputum-given off by cough or speaks
162
Acid-fast bacilli smear
Clinical test on sputum to identify presence of bacteria that react to acid
163
Antihistamine
Therapeutic drug that inhibits effects of histamines-compounds released by cells cause bronchial constriction
164
Arterial blood gases
Clinical test on arterial blood-identify levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
165
Auscultation
Listens to sounds in body (stethoscope)
166
Endotracheal intubation
insertion of tube into trachea via nose or mouth to open an airway
167
Expectorant
Drug breaks up mucus and promotes coughing to remove mucus
168
Incentive Spirometry
Post-op breathing therapy-lung exercise
169
Mechanical ventilation
assisted breathing using ventilator
170
Nebulizer
Device converts a liquid medication into a mist to deliver to the lungs
171
Oximetry
Measures of Oxygen levels in blood (oximeter)
172
Ventilation-perfusion scanning
Diagnostic tool used to evaluate pulmonary function
173
Nasal Septum
divides nasal cavity into right and left nasal chambers
174
Visceral Pleura
Outer membrane of lungs
175
Parietal Pleura
Inner thorax membrane of lungs
176
Pleural cavity
cavity btwn visceral pleura and parietal pleura
177
ABG's
arterial blood gases
178
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
179
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
180
CXR
Chest x-ray
181
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
182
PE
Pulmonary embolism
183
RDS
respiratory distress syndrome
184
SARS
severe acute respiratory syndrome
185
TB
tuberculosis
