Chapter 14 - Today's Challenges in Criminal Justice

Question 1

gun control

Answer 1

efforts by a government to regulate or control the sale of firearms

Question 2

background checks

Answer 2

an investigation of a person’s history to determine whether that person should be allowed a certain privilege, such as the ability to possess a firearm

Question 3

nonstate actor

Answer 3

an entity that plays a role in international affairs but does not represent any established state or nation

Question 4

weapons of mass destruction

Answer 4

a weapon that has the capacity to cause large number of casualties or significant property damage

Question 5

enemy combatant

Answer 5

an individual who has supported foreign terrorist organizations such as al Qaeda that are engaged in hostilities against the military operations of the United States

Question 6

military tribunal

Answer 6

a court that is operated by the military rather than the criminal justice system and is presided over by military officers rather than judges

Question 7

cyberattack

Answer 7

an attempt to damage or disrupt computer systems or electronic networks operated by computers

Question 8

cyber crime

Answer 8

a crime that occurs online, in the virtual community of the internet, as opposed to in the physical world

Question 9

cyber fraud

Answer 9

any misrepresentation knowingly made over the Internet with the intention of deceiving another and on which a reasonable person would and does rely to his or her detriment

Question 10

identity theft

Answer 10

the theft of person information, such as a person’s name, driver’s license number, or Social Security number

Question 11

Phishing

Answer 11

sending an unsolicited e-mail that falsely claims to be from a legitimate organization in an attempt to acquire sensitive information from the recipient

Question 12

cyberstalking

Answer 12

the crime of stalking, committed in cyberspace through the use of e-mail, text messages, or another form of electronic communication

Question 13

hacker

Answer 13

a person who uses one computer to break into another

Question 14

botnet

Answer 14

a network of computers that have been appropriated without the knowledge of their owners and used to spread harmful programs via the Internet; short for robot network

Question 15

worm

Answer 15

a computer program that can automatically replicate itself and interfere with the normal use of a computer. A worm does not need to be attached to an existing file to move from one network to another

Question 16

virus

Answer 16

a computer program that can replicate itself and interfere with the normal use of a computer. A virus cannot exist as a separate entity and must attach itself to another program to move through the network

Question 17

spam

Answer 17

bulk e-mails, particularly of commercial advertising, sent in large quantities without the consent of the recipient

Question 18

intellectual property

Answer 18

property resulting from intellectual, creative processes

Question 19

corporate violence

Answer 19

physical harm to individuals or the environment that occurs as the result of corporate policies or decision making

Question 20

regulation

Answer 20

governmental control of society through rules and laws that is generally carried out by administrative agencies

Question 21

compliance

Answer 21

the state of operating in accordance with governmental standards

Question 22

racketeering

Answer 22

the criminal action of being involved in an organized effort to engage in illegal business transactions