Chapter 11 - Prisons and Jails Flashcards
penitentiary
an early form of correctional facility that emphasized separating inmates from society and from each other
separate confinement
a nineteenth-century penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which inmates were kept separate from each other at all times, with daily activities taking place in individual cells
congregate system
a nineteenth-century penitentiary system developed in New York in which inmates were kept in separate cells during the night but worked together in the daytime under a code of enforced silence
medical model
a model of corrections in which the psychological and biological roots of an inmate’s criminal behavior are identified and treated
warden
the prison official who is ultimately responsible for the organization and performance of a correctional facility
classification
the process through which prison officials determine which correctional facility is best suited to the individual offender
maximum-security prison
a correctional institution designed and organized to control and discipline dangerous felons, as well as prvent escape
supermax prison
a correctional facility reserved for those inmates who have extensive records of misconduct
lockdown
a disciplinary action taken by prison officials in which all inmates are ordered to their quarters and nonessential prison activities are suspended
medium-security prison
a correctional institution that houses less dangerous inmates and therefore uses less restrictive measures to prevent violence and escapes
minimum-security prison
a correctional institution designed to allow inmate,s most of whom pose low security-risks, a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world
private prisons
correctional facilities operated by private corporations instead of the government and, therefore, reliant on profits for survival
jail
a facility, usually operated by the county government, used to hold persons awaiting trial or those who have been found guilty of misdemeanors
pretrial detainees
individuals who cannot post bail after arrest and are therefore forced to spend the time prior to their trial incarcerated in jail
time served
the period of time a person denied bail (or unable to pay it) has spent in jail prior to his or her trial
