Chapter 10 - Probation, Parole, and Intermediate Sanctions Flashcards
community corrections
the correctional supervision of offenders in the community as an alternative to sending them to prison or jail
reintegration
a goal of corrections that focuses on preparing the offender for a return to the community unmarred by further criminal behavior
diversion
in the context of corrections, a strategy to divert those offenders who qualify away from prison and jail and toward community-based and intermediate sanctions
probation
a criminal sanction in which a convict is allowed to remain in the community rather than be imprisoned
suspended sentence
a judicially imposed condition in which an offender is sentenced after being convicted of a crime, but is not required to begin serving the sentence immediately
split sentence probation
a sentence that consists of incarceration in a prison or jail, followed by a probationary period in the community
authority
the power designated to an agent of the law over a person who has broken the law
caseload
the number of individual probationers or parolees under the supervision of a probation or parole officer
technical violation
an action taken by a probationer or parolee that, although not criminal, breaks the terms of probation or parole as designated by the court
recidivism
the act of committing a new crime after a person has already been punished for a previous crime by being convicted and sent to jail or prison
parole
the conditional release of an inmate before his or her sentence has expired
parole contract
an agreement between the state and the offender that establishes the conditions of parole
parole revocation
when a parolee breaks the conditions of parole, the process of withdrawing parole and returning the person ti prison
discretionary release
the release of an inmate into a community supervision program at the discretion of the parole board within limits set by state or federal law
parole board
a body of appointed civilians that decides whether a convict should be granted conditional release before the end of his or her sentence
parole grant hearing
a hearing in which the entire parole board or a subcommittee reviews information , meets the offender, and hears testimony from relevant witnesses to determine whether to grant parole
mandatory release
release from prison that occurs when an offender has served the full length of his or her sentence, minus any adjustments for good time
parole guidelines
standards that are used in the parole process to measure the risk that a potential parolee will recidivate
intermediate sanctions
sanctions that are more restrictive than probation and less restrictive than imprisonment
pretrial diversion program
an alternative to trial offered by a judge or prosecutor, in which the offender agrees to participate in a specified counseling or treatment program in return for withdrawal of the charges
forfeture
the process by which the government seizes private property attached to criminal activity
day reporting center (DRC)
a community-based corrections center to which offenders report on a daily basis for treatment, education and rehabilitation
intensive supervision probation (ISP)
a punishment-oriented form of probation in which the offender is placed under stricter and more frequent surveillance and control than in conventional probation
shock incarceration
a short period of incarceration that is designed to deter further criminal activity by “shocking” the offender with the hardships of imprisonment
home confinement
a community-based sanction in which offenders serve their terms of incarceration in their homes
electronic monitoring
a technique of probation supervision in which the offender’s whereabouts are kept under surveillance by an electronic device
widen the net
the criticism that intermediate sanctions designed to divert offenders from prison actually increase the number of citizens who are under the control and surveillance of the American corrections system
