Chapter 10 - Probation, Parole, and Intermediate Sanctions

Question 1

community corrections

Answer 1

the correctional supervision of offenders in the community as an alternative to sending them to prison or jail

Question 2

reintegration

Answer 2

a goal of corrections that focuses on preparing the offender for a return to the community unmarred by further criminal behavior

Question 3

diversion

Answer 3

in the context of corrections, a strategy to divert those offenders who qualify away from prison and jail and toward community-based and intermediate sanctions

Question 4

probation

Answer 4

a criminal sanction in which a convict is allowed to remain in the community rather than be imprisoned

Question 5

suspended sentence

Answer 5

a judicially imposed condition in which an offender is sentenced after being convicted of a crime, but is not required to begin serving the sentence immediately

Question 6

split sentence probation

Answer 6

a sentence that consists of incarceration in a prison or jail, followed by a probationary period in the community

Question 7

authority

Answer 7

the power designated to an agent of the law over a person who has broken the law

Question 8

caseload

Answer 8

the number of individual probationers or parolees under the supervision of a probation or parole officer

Question 9

technical violation

Answer 9

an action taken by a probationer or parolee that, although not criminal, breaks the terms of probation or parole as designated by the court

Question 10

recidivism

Answer 10

the act of committing a new crime after a person has already been punished for a previous crime by being convicted and sent to jail or prison

Question 11

parole

Answer 11

the conditional release of an inmate before his or her sentence has expired

Question 12

parole contract

Answer 12

an agreement between the state and the offender that establishes the conditions of parole

Question 13

parole revocation

Answer 13

when a parolee breaks the conditions of parole, the process of withdrawing parole and returning the person ti prison

Question 14

discretionary release

Answer 14

the release of an inmate into a community supervision program at the discretion of the parole board within limits set by state or federal law

Question 15

parole board

Answer 15

a body of appointed civilians that decides whether a convict should be granted conditional release before the end of his or her sentence

Question 16

parole grant hearing

Answer 16

a hearing in which the entire parole board or a subcommittee reviews information , meets the offender, and hears testimony from relevant witnesses to determine whether to grant parole

Question 17

mandatory release

Answer 17

release from prison that occurs when an offender has served the full length of his or her sentence, minus any adjustments for good time

Question 18

parole guidelines

Answer 18

standards that are used in the parole process to measure the risk that a potential parolee will recidivate

Question 19

intermediate sanctions

Answer 19

sanctions that are more restrictive than probation and less restrictive than imprisonment

Question 20

pretrial diversion program

Answer 20

an alternative to trial offered by a judge or prosecutor, in which the offender agrees to participate in a specified counseling or treatment program in return for withdrawal of the charges

Question 21

forfeture

Answer 21

the process by which the government seizes private property attached to criminal activity

Question 22

day reporting center (DRC)

Answer 22

a community-based corrections center to which offenders report on a daily basis for treatment, education and rehabilitation

Question 23

intensive supervision probation (ISP)

Answer 23

a punishment-oriented form of probation in which the offender is placed under stricter and more frequent surveillance and control than in conventional probation

Question 24

shock incarceration

Answer 24

a short period of incarceration that is designed to deter further criminal activity by “shocking” the offender with the hardships of imprisonment

Question 25

home confinement

Answer 25

a community-based sanction in which offenders serve their terms of incarceration in their homes

Question 26

electronic monitoring

Answer 26

a technique of probation supervision in which the offender’s whereabouts are kept under surveillance by an electronic device

Question 27

widen the net

Answer 27

the criticism that intermediate sanctions designed to divert offenders from prison actually increase the number of citizens who are under the control and surveillance of the American corrections system