Chapter 14 The Urinary System Questions Flashcards
Part of the kidneys’ energy supply is used to accomplish glomerular filtration.
(True or false?)
False
Sodium reabsorption is under hormonal control throughout the length of the tubule. (True or false?)
False
Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by secondary active transport.
(True or false?)
True
Solute excretion is always accompanied by comparable H2O excretion.
(True or false?)
True
Water excretion can occur without comparable solute excretion.
(True or false?)
True
What is the functional unit of the kidneys?
Nephrons
What is the only ion actively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule and actively secreted in the distal and collecting tubules?
potassium
The daily minimum volume of obligatory H2O loss that must accompany excretion of wastes is _____ mL.
500 mL
Indicate whether each of the following factors would:
(a) increase
or
(b) decrease
the GFR if everything else remained constant.
- b,
- a,
- b,
- b,
- a,
- b,
- b,
- b,
- b
Which of the following filtered substances is normally not present in the urine at all?
a. Na+
b. PO4-3
c. urea
d. H+
e. glucose
e. glucose
Reabsorption of which of the following substances is not linked in some way to active Na+ reabsorption?
a. glucose
b. PO4 - 3
c. H2O
d. urea
e. Cl -
b. PO4 - 3
Indicate, by writing the identifying letters in the proper order in the blanks, the proper sequence through which fluid flows as it traverses the structures in question.
a. ureter
b. kidney
c. urethra
d. bladder
e. renal pelvis
b, e, a, d, c
Indicate, by writing the identifying letters in the proper order in the blanks, the proper sequence through which fluid flows as it traverses the structures in question.
a. efferent arteriole
b. peritubular capillaries
c. renal artery
d. glomerulus
e. afferent arteriole
f. renal vein
c, e, d, a, b, f
Indicate, by writing the identifying letters in the proper order in the blanks, the proper sequence through which fluid flows as it traverses the structures in question.
a. loop of Henle
b. collecting duct
c. Bowman’s capsule
d. proximal tubule
e. renal pelvis
f. distal tubule
g. glomerulus
g, c, d, a, f, b, e
Using the answer code on the right, indicate what the osmolarity of the tubular fluid is at each of the designated points in a nephron:
- a,
- a,
- c,
- b,
- d
List the functions of the kidneys.
Describe the anatomy of the urinary system.
Describe the components of a nephron.
Describe the three basic renal processes;
indicate how they relate to urine excretion.
Distinguish between secretion and excretion.
Discuss the forces involved in glomerular filtration.
What is the average GFR?
How is GFR regulated as part of the baroreceptor reflex?
Why do the kidneys receive a seemingly disproportionate share of the cardiac output?
What percentage of renal blood flow is normally ltered?
List the steps in transepithelial transport.
Distinguish between active and passive reabsorption.
Describe all the tubular transport processes that are
linked to the basolateral Na+–K+ ATPase carrier.
Describe the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.
What are the functions of aldosterone and angiotensin II?
Discuss the source and functions of ANP and BNP.
Compare two substances that display a Tm, one that is and
one that is not regulated by the kidneys.
What is the importance of tubular secretion?
What are the most important secretory processes?
What is the average rate of urine formation?
Define plasma clearance.
What establishes a vertical osmotic gradient in the medullary interstitial fluid?
Of what importance is this gradient?
Discuss vasopressin’s function and mechanism of action.
Compare countercurrent multiplication and countercurrent exchange.
Describe the transfer of urine to, the storage of urine in, and the emptying of urine from the bladder.
