Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KIN 216 Exam 3 > Chapter 14 - The Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - The Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

PNS structural components

A 
Sensory receptors (detect stimuli)
Motor endings (innervative effectors)
Nerves and ganglia (bundles of axons and clusters of cell bodies)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peripheral Sensory Receptors - Catagories

A

Free nerve endings

complete receptor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Free never endings

A

monitor most types of general sensory info (touch, pain, pressure, proprioception, temp)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Complete receptor cells

A

monitor special senses (taste, vision, hearing, balance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Peripheral sensory receptors - location

A

exteroceptors
interoceptors
proprioceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

exteroceptors

A

stimuli outside body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

interoceptors

A

stimuli inside body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

proprioceptors

A

musculoskeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Peripheral Sensory Receptors - stimulus detected

A 
mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
chemoreceptors
photoreceptors
nociceptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

mechanical forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

thermoreceptors

A

temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chemoreceptors

A

chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

photoreceptors

A

light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

nociceptors

A

pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peripheral sensory receptors - structure

A

free nerve endings

encapsulated nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

free nerve endings

A 
abundant in epithelia and its corresponding CT
mostly pain and temperature
-merkel discs
-hair follicle receptors
-itch receptor (located in dermis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Encapsulated nerve endings

A

one of more end fibers of sensory neurons enclosed in CT capsule
all are mechanoreceptors
amplify stimulus or filter stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Encapsulated nerve endings - types

A

Meissner’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Ruffini’s corpuscles
Proprioceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

beneath epidermis, fine touch

mostly areas w/o hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

located in deep CT

sense vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ruffini’s corpuscles

A

located in dermis, joint capsules, hypodermis

monitor continuous pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Proprioceptors

A

muscle spindles - measure change in muscle length
golgi tendon organs (gto) - measure tension in tendon
joint kinesthetic receptors - measure stretch in synovial joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Peripheral motor endings

A

skeletal muscle

visceral muscle and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

skeletal muscle

A

one neuromuscular junction is associated with each muscle fiber
axon terminals release neurotransmitter, which crosses to sarcolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

motor unit

A

a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates (all fibers contract)

26
Q

Visceral muscle and glands

A

visceral motor axon swells into row of knobs (varicosities), releases neurotransmitter

27
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

12 pairs, numbered I-XII (rostral to caudal)
First 2 pairs attach to forebrain, and the rest attach to the brain stem
generally serve head and neck with the exception of vagus
Mnemonic: Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet, AH
-Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal

28
Q

Olfactory I

A

Smell
sensory only
location: most superior, most anterior, arises from forebrain
Input goes to rhinencephalon
ONLY one that doesn’t go through thalamus

29
Q

Optic II

A 
VIsion
sensory only
input: rods and cones in retina, goes through thalamus, then to occipital lobe
Arises from forebrain
If severed blindness occurs
30
Q

Oculomotor III

A

Primarily motor
Controls 4 of 6 muscles (skeletal) that move eye in orbit and iris (autonomic)
Somatic branch of nervous system
Arises from midbrain
If severed, eyelid may droop or person may not be able to move eyeball in certain direction

31
Q

Trochlear (pulley) IV

A

small mixed nerve that comes from midbrain
innervates superior oblique muscle of eye which is responsible for downward and outward movement
damage impairs movement

32
Q

Trigeminal V

A

mixed nerve - largest cranial nerve
arises from pons
splits into 3 different nerves (opthalamic, maxillary, mandibular)
motor functions deal with chewing
sensory functions are more extensive - info from skin and muscles of face, teeth
Is the novocain nerve numbed at dentist
Trauma to nerve can result in impaired chewing, lack of sensation from facial structures

33
Q

Abducens VI

A

Originates from inferior pons
mostly motor
innervates lateral rectus muscle of eye (abducts)
damage causes crossed eyes (esotropia)

34
Q

Facial VII

A

Arises from pons
mixed nerve
innervates muscles of facial expression
also innervates salivary glands - autonomic
taste sensation, anterior 2/3 of tongue
damage causes inability to contract facial muscles, distorted taste
Bell’s palsy (usually due to a virus): causes affected side of face to sag due to lost muscle tone

35
Q

Vestibulocochlear VIII

A

The ONLY cranial nerve that does not exit cranium through a foramen
Purely sensory
arises from both pons and medullar
has 2 main branches: vestibular nerve (balance) cochlear nerve (hearing)

36
Q

Glossopharyngeal IX

A

glossa = tongue; pharynx = throat
mixed nerve
originates in medulla
Innervates muscles of throat and tongue
also innervates salivary glands
controls taste in posterior 1/3 of tongue (bitter and sour)
damage causes loss of bitter and sour tasting, impairs swallowing

37
Q

Vagus X

A

Arises from medulla
A mixed sensory and motor nerve
wanders into thorax and abdomen
parasympathetic innervation of organs
Goes through entire thoracic and abdominal cavity
KET autonomic nerve, mixed
If both vagus nerves are damaged, death would occur
Injury to one causes vocal impairment, difficulty swallowing, visceral issues

38
Q

Accessory XI

A

Arises from medulla and part of spinal cord
motor only
moves head/neck/shoulder
damage makes it difficult to move shoulders, head

39
Q

Hypoglossal XII

A 
hypo = under; glossal = tongue
motor only
originates in medulla
innervates tongue muscles
if nerve is damaged, person will have difficulty in speaking, swallowing, protruding tongue
40
Q

Spinal nerves

A

31 pairs (62 nerves)
exit spinal column via intervertebral foramina
c1-c7 leave the spinal cord ABOVE the corresponding vertebrae, BUT c8 leaves below c7, above T1
Thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal all leave below corresponding vertebrae/bones
All are mixed nerves
The sensory and motor portions travel together, but enter and exit cord separately

41
Q

afferents

A

sensory

enter cord via dorsal root

42
Q

efferents

A

motor

exit cord via ventral root

43
Q

Spinal nerve anatomy

A

Roots
Rami
Sypathetic rami

44
Q

Roots

A

structures that enter and exit spinal cord
are sensory only or motor only
converge together in order to exit intervertebral foramen

45
Q

rami

A

branches that occur after sensory and motor re-join
dorsal ramus - posterior
vertal ramus - anterior

46
Q

sympathetic rami

A

2 branches from each spinal nerve that connects to sypathetic trunk ganglion, part of ANS
composed of a gray ramus and a white ramus
serve as place where sympathtic nerves separate from somatic motor neurons
can consider them like sideroads that carry impulses up and down between segments

47
Q

Nerve plexuses

A

In most spinal nerves, (NOT T2-T12), the anterior rami combine and split again as plexuses
Network of nerves

48
Q

Types of Nerve plexuses

A

Cervical
Brachial
Lumbar
Sacral

49
Q

Cervical plexus

A

includes anterior rami of C1-C4 plus part of C5
branches of cervical plexus innervate skin and muscles of neck, portions of head and shoulders
Some fibers also combine with cranial nerves

50
Q

Phernic nerve

A

Innervates diaphragm

sensory and motor

51
Q

Brachial plexus

A

Primarily serves arm muscles, some neck and should

Formed mostly by C5-T1- very complex

52
Q

Median nerve

A

innervates most muscles of anterior forearm and lateral palm

53
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

Formed mostly by L1-L4

Serves muscles of abdomen, anterior/medial parts of leg

54
Q

Obturator nerve

A

runs through obturator foramen

part of lumbar plexus

55
Q

Sacral plexus

A

formed by L4-S5

serves muscles of pelvic area, posterior/lateral parts of leg, lower back, dorsal and plantar foot

56
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

largest nerve in the body

passes through pelvis and down back of leg (composed of 2 nerves, tibial and common fibular)

57
Q

Joint Innervation

A

Every joint capsule receives sensory branches from several nerves
Hilton’s law

58
Q

Hilton’s law

A

Any nerve that innervates a muscle producing movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself (and the skin over it)

59
Q

Dermatomes - Skin Innervation

A 
Area of skin innervated by cutaneous branches from a single spinal nerve
All spinal nerves except C1 involved
Trunk region - horizontal
Limb regions - vertical (sort of)
Trunk dermatomes can overlap significantly; limbs less overlap
Used clinically
-pinpoint level of spinal injuries
-anesthesia
60
Q

PNS Disorders

A

shingles

myesthenia gravis

61
Q

Shingles

A

Viral infection of sensory neurons involving the skin
Rash of scaly, painful blisters - along a dermatome
Stems from chickenpox, virus lies dormant in sensory ganglion

62
Q

Myesthenia gravis

A

Disorder of neuromuscular junction
weakening of muscles
Autoimmune disorder (destroy Ach recptors in sarcolemma - no contraction)

KIN 216 Exam 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions