Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KIN 216 Exam 3 > Chapter 12 - Nervous tissue and Nervous system > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Nervous tissue and Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System

A

THE master control and communications center in the body
Communication occurs via electrical signals
Three overlapping functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Three overlapping functions of the Nervous System

A

Sensory receptors monitor changes
Integration (processing and interpreting)
Response (motor output)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord

Integrative and control centers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body
2 Divisions: Sensory and Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sensory (afferent) division

A

Carry signals TO brain/spinal cord
Somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers
Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Motor (efferent) division

A

Carry signals FROM brain/spinal cord
Motor nerve fibers
Conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)
2 systems: Somatic nervous system & autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Somatic nervous system

A 
Structures external to visceral cavity
Somatic motor (voluntary)
Conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

Visceral motor (involuntary)
Conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands
2 divisions: Sympathetic division & Parasympathetic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sympathetic division

A

Mobilizes body systems during activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

Conserves energy

Promotes house-keeping functions during rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Visceral

A

Organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 combinations of Basic Divisions of Nervous System

A

Somatic snsory
Somatic motor (voluntary)
Visceral sensory
Visceral motor (involuntary ANS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Basic Divisions of the Nervous System

A

Sensory
Motor
Somatic
Visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neurons comprised of…

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cell body

A

Contains one nucleus
Group of cell bodies in CNS = nucleus
Group of cell bodies in PNS = ganglia
Metabolic center of neuron (contains organelles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Group of cell bodies in CNS

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Group of cell bodies in PNS

A

ganglis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dendrites

A

Branched processes that extend from cytoplasm of cell body

RECEIVE stimuli and conduct impulses TO CELL BODY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Axons

A

Conduct impulses AWAY FROM CELL BODY
If myelinated or large, have increased electrical conduction speed
Lengths vary; have axon terminals at end (bulbs)
Is a cytoplasmic extension from cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Synapses

A

Junction that controls information transfer from one neuron to the next
Can be excitatory or inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Presynaptic neuron

A

Conducts signal towards synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Postsynaptic neuron

A

Conducts signal away from synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Neurons structure

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

24
Q

Multipolar neuron

A

Most of body’s neurons
Many dendrites and an axon
Motor neurons, most interneurons

25
Q

Bipolar neuron

A

Processes extend from two sides of body

Rare, sensory

26
Q

Unipolar neuron

A

One process that divides like a “T”

sensory neurons

27
Q

Neuron function

A

Sensory
Motor
Interneuron

28
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurons

A

carry signal TO CNS

29
Q

Motor (efferent) neurons

A

Carry signal AWAY from CNS

30
Q

Interneurons (association neurons)

A

Between sensory and motor neurons

Located ONLY in CNS

31
Q

Neuroglia

A

Support cells
Have central cell body and branching processes, are smaller than neurons
Outnumber neurons 10-1 in CNS
Consist of half of brain’s mass
Can divide throughout life
Provide scaffold of support for neurons and cover non-synaptic parts (insulate and keep them from interfering with each other)

32
Q

Types of CNS Neuroglia

A

Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes

33
Q

Types of PNS Neuroglia

A

Satellite cells

Schwann cells

34
Q

Astrocytes

A

Most abundant neuroglia
Key component of blood brain barrier
-regulate passage of molecules from blood to brain
-only allow small molecules through to brain

35
Q

Microglia

A

Smallest and least abundant neuroglia

Phagocytes, thorny-looking

36
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Form simple epithelial layer that lines central cavity of brain and spinal cord

37
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Produce myelin sheath around nerve cell axons

Fewer branches than astrocytes

38
Q

Satellite cells

A

Surround cell bodies in ganglia

39
Q

Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes)

A

surround all axons in PNS

produce myelin sheath (gaps=nodes of Ranvier)

40
Q

Nerves

A

Collection (bundle) of neurons outside CNS
Naked eye can see a nerve, but not a neuron
Composed of many axons
Nerves often contain both sensory and motor neurons (mixed nerves)
Some are sensory or motor only though (cranial nerves)
Neurons are held together by CT

41
Q

Endoneurium

A

Surrounds each axon

loose CT

42
Q

Perineurium

A

Surrounds bundle of axons

fascicle

43
Q

Epineurium

A

Surrounds entire nerve

bunch of fascicles

44
Q

Reflex Arcs

A

Chains of neurons that create reflexes
Unlearned and involuntary
Somatic or visceral
Monosynaptic or Polysynaptic

45
Q

Reflex

A

rapid, automatic, motor response to a stimulus

46
Q

5 components of reflex arcs

A 
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Integration center
Motor neuron
Effector
47
Q

Receptor

A

site where stimulus acts

48
Q

Sensory neuron

A

transmits signal to CNS

49
Q

Integration center

A

one or more synapses

50
Q

Motor neuron

A

Conducts impulse from integration center

51
Q

Effector

A

muscle or gland that responds

52
Q

Polysynaptic

A

one or more interneurons are part of reflex pathway

most contain one interneuron (are 3-neuron reflexes)

53
Q

monosynaptic

A

one synapse is involved
fastest of all reflexes
classic example is knee jerk

54
Q

Gray matter

A

cell bodies
H-shaped in spinal cord
-dorsal half has bodies of interneurons and venral half has bodies of motor neurons

55
Q

White matter

A

axons

often myelinated

56
Q

tracts

A

bundles of axons

57
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

Most common neural disability in young adults
progressive, destroys patches of myelin
cause is not well understood-autoimmune

KIN 216 Exam 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions