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KIN 216 Exam 3 > Chapter 11 - Muscles of the Body > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Muscles of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

Affects skeletal muscle tissue several hours after death
Depletion of ATP in muscle fibers causes stiffness of joints
Crossbridges are stuck in bound position because there is no ATP to release them

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2
Q

Leverage

A

Use of a lever to move an object

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3
Q

Lever

A

Rigid bar that moves on a fixed point which is called a fulcrum
Allow more effort to be applied to a given load (or allow load to be moved farther)

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4
Q

Load

A

Object being moved

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5
Q

Effort

A

Force to move load

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6
Q

Mechanical Disadvantage

A

Load is farther from fulcrum than effort

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7
Q

Mechanical Advantage

A

Load is close to fulcrum and effort is far from fulcrum

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8
Q

Law of levers

A

When effort is farther from fulcrum than the load, then advantage; when effort is nearer than the load, then disadvantage

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9
Q

First Class Lever

A

Effort is applied at one end, and the load is at the other end
Fulcrum is somewhere in the middle

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10
Q

Second Class Lever

A

Effort is applied at one end, and fulcrum is at the other

Load is in between

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11
Q

Third Class Lever

A

Effort is applied between the load and the fulcrum

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12
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundle of muscle fibers

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13
Q

Fascicle Arrangement

A

4 different patterns: parallel, convergent, pennate, circular

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14
Q

Parallel Fascicle Arrangement

A

Axes of fascicles run parallel to muscle itself

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15
Q

Convergent Fascicle Arrangement

A

Muscle origin is broad, and fascicles converge toward a tendon of insertion

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16
Q

Pennate Fascicle Arrangement

A

Fascicles are short and attach obliquely to tendon that runs entire length of muscle

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17
Q

Unipennate

A

Fascicles insert into one side of tendon

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18
Q

Bipennate

A

Fascicles insert into both sides of tendon

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19
Q

Multipennate

A

Several “feathers” present

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20
Q

Circular Fascicle Arrangement

A

Fascicles arranged in concentric rings

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21
Q

Agonist

A

Prime mover

Sometimes 2 muscles work together, both as agonists

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22
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposes or reverses the movement of the agonist

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23
Q

Synergist

A

Helps agonist by either providing additional force or by eliminating extra movements

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24
Q

Fixator

A

Special kind of synergist that holds a bone in place to provide stable base for agonist

25
Q

Naming is dependent on….

A

Location (intercostals)
Shape (deltoid-delta-triangle)
Relative muscle size (maximus, minimus)
Direction of fascicles and fibers (rectus = straight, oblique = diag)
Location of attachments
Number of origins (biceps = 2 heads, triceps= 3 heads)
Action (flexor, extensor, etc.)

26
Q

Neck muscle

A

Sternocleidomastoid

27
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Agonist of head flexion

When acting alone will rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side

28
Q

Back Muscle

A

Erector Spinae

29
Q

Erector spinae

A

Agonist of back extension

Consists of 3 muscle columns: illocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

30
Q

Thorax (breathing) muscles

A

External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Diaphragm

31
Q

External intercostals

A

Pull ribs toward each other to elevate rib cage, aids in inspiration

32
Q

Internal intercostals

A

Draws ribs together and depresses rib cage, aids in forced expiration

33
Q

Diaphragm

A

Prime mover of inspiration

34
Q

Thorax (posterior) muscle

A

Trapezius

35
Q

Trapezius

A

Moves scapula; elevation and depression of shoulder

36
Q

Shoulder joint muscles

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid

37
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Agonist of arm flexion

38
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Agonist of arm extension

39
Q

Deltoid

A

Agonist of abduction, flexion, extension

40
Q

Abdomen muscle

A

Rectus abdominis

41
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Flex and rotate lumbar region, fix and depress ribs, stabilize pelvis (used in sit ups/curls)

42
Q

Elbow muscles

A

Biceps brachii

Triceps brachii

43
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Forearm supination and flexion (agonist)

44
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Forearm extension - agonist

45
Q

Tennis elbow

A

Tenderness due to trauma or overuse of tendon at the origin of forearm extensors (lateral epicondyle of humerus)

46
Q

Hip muscles

A

Rectus femoris
Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings

47
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Thigh flexion and knee extension

48
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Agonist for thigh extension

49
Q

Hamstrings

A

Thigh extension and knee flexion

50
Q

Hamstring muscles

A

biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus

51
Q

Knee muscles

A

Quadriceps femoris

Hamstrings

52
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

agonist of knee extension

53
Q

Quadriceps femoris muscles

A

rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius

54
Q

Leg muscles

A

Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Soleus

55
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Agonist for dorsiflexion

56
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Agonist for plantarflexion

57
Q

Soleus

A

Agonist for plantarflexion

58
Q

Charley horse

A

Muscle tear, followed by bleeding and severe pain

59
Q

Shin splints

A

Pain in anterior leg cause by swelling of tibialis anterior

Muscle cuts off its own circulation as it swells and presses on its own nerves because it is tightly wrapped by fascia.

KIN 216 Exam 3 (5 decks)

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