Chapter 14 TEST Flashcards
What basic question does thermodynamics answer?
‘does it react?’
What basic question does kinetics answer?
‘will it react?’ or ‘how fast will it react?’
What is the study of rates of reaction and the steps by which they occur?
Kinetic
Thermodynamics relates only to what parts of a reaction?
The starting and ending points
Kinetics is WHAT dependant?
Path
Kinetics seeks to determine what happens at what point during the start and endpoint of a reaction?
Between
Why reactions occur at faster or slower rates, depending on reaction conditions is what theory?
Collision theory
The rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds is directly related to what?
The frequency of effective collisions
The minimum amount of kinetic energy that must be passed by the colliding molecules before they can react is called what?
The activation energy
The WHAT the activation energy is, the faster the reaction will occur.
Lower
Breaking bonds in molecules requires what?
Energy
What tells how fast reactants change into products. They can describe how fast the reactants disappear or how fast the products appear.
Reaction rates
Is the effect of concentration on the reaction rate the same for every reaction?
No
Is the effect of concentration on the reaction rate the same for every reaction?
No
Higher temperatures increase reaction rates in what two ways?
By increasing both the number and the force of collisions between reactants
A substance that changes a reaction rate without being permanently changed or consumed by the reactant is what?
Catalyst
Thermodynamics is WHAT independant?
Path
A substance used to reduce a catalyst’s undesirable effects?
Inhibitor
What are distinct class of catalysts comprises the naturally occurring biological substances?
Enzymes
What is in the same phase as the reactants or in solution with a reactant?
Homogeneous catalyst
Colliding reactants can form a theoretical, transitional structure between reactants and products is called what?
Activated Complex
What is a series of steps that make up a reaction?
Reaction Mechanism
What is a possible reaction mechanism made of two or more possible steps?
Elementary Steps
What is the slowest elementary step in the reaction- one that limits how fast the reaction will occur?
Rate-determining Steps
Individual elementary steps make up what?
Complex reaction
During a complex reaction, there are substances that are formed in one step and consumed in the next step are called what?
Intermediates
WHat is the reactants are in two different phases—a solid and a liquid, for example— the reaction rate is dependent on the area of contact between the substances?
Homogeneous reactions
What for a particular reactant, indicates how the rate of a reaction is affected by that specific reactant’s concentration?
Reaction Order
Rate laws are always based on what?
Rate-determining step
What is the study of how the human body processes medication?
Pharmacokinetics
How the body spreads out a drug (which varies) is called what?
Distribution process
What organ of the body is chiefly responsible for metabolizing drugs?
Liver
What organs are used to eliminate a drug from the body?
Kidneys
List the four processes a drug goes through in the body in order.
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
What are the intermediates in the metabolism process called?
Metabolites
The only substances shown in a balanced chemical equations are what?
Products and reactants
Does a catalyst affect concentration of products?
No
What are five most important factors affecting reaction rates
Nature of Reactants Concentration Temperature Surface Area Presence of catalyst
