Chapter 14 Study Flashcards
The normal extensibility of soft tissues that allows for full range of motion of a joint.
Flexibility
Capability to be elongated or stretched.
Extensibility
The degree to which specific joints or body segments can move; often measured in degrees.
Range of Motion
Optimal flexibility and joint range of motion; ability to move freely.
Mobility
The body’s connective tissue that includes muscles and fascia.
Myofascial
The process in which the body seeks the path of least resistance during functional movements.
Relative flexibility
The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.
Human movement system
Tissue connecting, supporting, and surrounding bodily structures and organs.
Soft tissue
Predictable patterns of muscle imbalances.
Postural distortion patterns
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.
Muscle imbalance
The synergistic action of multiple muscles working together to produce movement around a joint.
Force-couple relationships
Movement of a limb that is visible
Osteokinematic
The description of joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, and spin.
Arthrokinematics
When an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen.
Reciprocal inhibition
Occurs when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neural drive to its functional antagonist
Altered reciprocal inhibition
When elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of contraction.
Overactive
When a muscle is experiencing neural inhibition and limited neuromuscular recruitment.
Underactive
The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when synergists take over function for a weak or inhibited prime mover (agonist).
Synergistic dominance
When a muscle’s resting length is too short or too long, reducing the amount of force it can produce.
Altered length-tension relationship
The ability of the nervous system to recruit the correct muscles to produce force, reduce force, and dynamically stabilize the body’s structure in all three planes of motion.
Neuromuscular Activity
Sensory receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change.
Muscle spindle
A division of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.
Central nervous system
Neurological signal from the muscle spindle that causes a muscle to contract to prevent excessive lengthening.
Stretch reflex
A specialized sensory receptor located at the point where skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle; sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change.
Golgi tendon organ
