Chapter 12 Study Flashcards
The positioning of the musculoskeletal system while the body is motionless.
Static posture
Alignment of the body while in motion.
Dynamic posture
Moving in a biomechanically efficient manner that maximizes muscle recruitment and minimizes risk of injury.
Optimal movement
Abnormal movement patterns that can indicate possible muscle imbalances or mobility limitation.
Movement impairments
An assessment of a client’s movement patterns and postural alignment during movement or activity; also known as a dynamic postural assessment.
Movement assessment
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.
Muscle imbalance
Optimal flexibility and joint range of motion; ability to move freely.
Mobility
Assessments used to measure overall strength, muscular endurance, power, and agility.
Performance assessment
Collapsed arch of the foot; also known as flat feet
Pes planus
When elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of contraction.
Overactive
When a muscle is experiencing neural inhibition and limited neuromuscular recruitment.
Underactive
An assessment that provides insight to deviations from optimal alignment of the body in a standing posture.
Static postural assessment
On the front of the body.
Anterior
On the back of the body.
Posterior
The five areas of the body that are monitored during movement assessments and exercise: foot/ankle, knees, lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, shoulders, and head.
Kinetic chain checkpoints
An excessive forward rotation of the pelvis that results in greater lumbar lordosis.
Anterior pelvic tilt
Knees collapse inward (knock knees) due to hip adduction and internal rotation; also known as medial knee displacement and genu valgum.
Knee valgus
Knees bow outward (bowlegged); also known as genu varum.
Knee varus
What are the 5 kinetic chain checkpoints?
- Foot / ankle
- Knee
- Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip-Complex
- Shoulders
- Head and neck
Postural syndrome characterized by flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and internally rotated hips.
Pes planus distortion syndrome
Postural syndrome characterized by anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine.
Lower crossed syndrome
The normal curvature of the cervical and lumbar spine regions, creating a concave portion of the spine.
Lordotic/Lordosis
Postural syndrome characterized by a forward head and protracted shoulders.
Upper crossed syndrome
A movement assessment designed to assess dynamic posture, core stability, and neuromuscular control of the whole body during a squatting motion.
Overhead squat assessment (OHSA)
A movement assessment that assesses dynamic posture, lower-extremity strength, balance, and overall coordination in a single-limb stance.
Single-leg squat assessment
An assessment that challenges the upper extremities and trunk during a pushing movement to identify movement impairments and potential muscle imbalances.
Pushing assessment
An assessment that challenges the upper extremities and trunk during a pulling movement to identify movement impairments and potential muscle imbalances.
Pulling assessment
A performance assessment that measures muscular endurance of the upper extremities during a pushing movement.
Push-up test
A performance assessment designed to estimate the one-repetition maximum of the bench press exercise.
Bench press strength assessment
A performance assessment designed to estimate the one-repetition maximum of the squat exercise.
Squat strength assessment
A performance assessment designed to test maximal jump height and lower extremity power.
Vertical jump assessment
A performance assessment designed to test reaction capabilities, acceleration, and maximal speed.
40-yard dash assessment
A performance assessment designed to test lateral speed and agility.
Lower extremity functional test (LEFT)
A performance assessment designed to test lateral acceleration, deceleration, agility, and control.
Pro shuttle (5-10-5) assessment
Lying facedown.
Prone
Lying faceup
Supine
Which muscles are typically underactive with knee valgus during the single-leg squat?
Gluteus maximus and medius
