Chapter 12 Study

Question 1

The positioning of the musculoskeletal system while the body is motionless.

Answer 1

Static posture

Question 2

Alignment of the body while in motion.

Answer 2

Dynamic posture

Question 3

Moving in a biomechanically efficient manner that maximizes muscle recruitment and minimizes risk of injury.

Answer 3

Optimal movement

Question 4

Abnormal movement patterns that can indicate possible muscle imbalances or mobility limitation.

Answer 4

Movement impairments

Question 5

An assessment of a client’s movement patterns and postural alignment during movement or activity; also known as a dynamic postural assessment.

Answer 5

Movement assessment

Question 6

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.

Answer 6

Muscle imbalance

Question 7

Optimal flexibility and joint range of motion; ability to move freely.

Answer 7

Mobility

Question 8

Assessments used to measure overall strength, muscular endurance, power, and agility.

Answer 8

Performance assessment

Question 9

Collapsed arch of the foot; also known as flat feet

Answer 9

Pes planus

Question 10

When elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of contraction.

Answer 10

Overactive

Question 11

When a muscle is experiencing neural inhibition and limited neuromuscular recruitment.

Answer 11

Underactive

Question 12

An assessment that provides insight to deviations from optimal alignment of the body in a standing posture.

Answer 12

Static postural assessment

Question 13

On the front of the body.

Answer 13

Anterior

Question 14

On the back of the body.

Answer 14

Posterior

Question 15

The five areas of the body that are monitored during movement assessments and exercise: foot/ankle, knees, lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, shoulders, and head.

Answer 15

Kinetic chain checkpoints

Question 16

An excessive forward rotation of the pelvis that results in greater lumbar lordosis.

Answer 16

Anterior pelvic tilt

Question 17

Knees collapse inward (knock knees) due to hip adduction and internal rotation; also known as medial knee displacement and genu valgum.

Answer 17

Knee valgus

Question 18

Knees bow outward (bowlegged); also known as genu varum.

Answer 18

Knee varus

Question 19

What are the 5 kinetic chain checkpoints?

Answer 19

1. Foot / ankle
2. Knee
3. Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip-Complex
4. Shoulders
5. Head and neck

Question 20

Postural syndrome characterized by flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and internally rotated hips.

Answer 20

Pes planus distortion syndrome

Question 21

Postural syndrome characterized by anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine.

Answer 21

Lower crossed syndrome

Question 22

The normal curvature of the cervical and lumbar spine regions, creating a concave portion of the spine.

Answer 22

Lordotic/Lordosis

Question 23

Postural syndrome characterized by a forward head and protracted shoulders.

Answer 23

Upper crossed syndrome

Question 24

A movement assessment designed to assess dynamic posture, core stability, and neuromuscular control of the whole body during a squatting motion.

Answer 24

Overhead squat assessment (OHSA)

Question 25

A movement assessment that assesses dynamic posture, lower-extremity strength, balance, and overall coordination in a single-limb stance.

Answer 25

Single-leg squat assessment

Question 26

An assessment that challenges the upper extremities and trunk during a pushing movement to identify movement impairments and potential muscle imbalances.

Answer 26

Pushing assessment

Question 27

An assessment that challenges the upper extremities and trunk during a pulling movement to identify movement impairments and potential muscle imbalances.

Answer 27

Pulling assessment

Question 28

A performance assessment that measures muscular endurance of the upper extremities during a pushing movement.

Answer 28

Push-up test

Question 29

A performance assessment designed to estimate the one-repetition maximum of the bench press exercise.

Answer 29

Bench press strength assessment

Question 30

A performance assessment designed to estimate the one-repetition maximum of the squat exercise.

Answer 30

Squat strength assessment

Question 31

A performance assessment designed to test maximal jump height and lower extremity power.

Answer 31

Vertical jump assessment

Question 32

A performance assessment designed to test reaction capabilities, acceleration, and maximal speed.

Answer 32

40-yard dash assessment

Question 33

A performance assessment designed to test lateral speed and agility.

Answer 33

Lower extremity functional test (LEFT)

Question 34

A performance assessment designed to test lateral acceleration, deceleration, agility, and control.

Answer 34

Pro shuttle (5-10-5) assessment

Question 35

Lying facedown.

Answer 35

Prone

Question 36

Lying faceup

Answer 36

Supine

Question 37

Which muscles are typically underactive with knee valgus during the single-leg squat?

Answer 37

Gluteus maximus and medius