Chapter 11 Study

Question 1

Structured exercises and physical activities are known to reduce an individual’s risk for what two states?

Answer 1

Mortality and Morbidity

Question 2

A state or a risk of death or dying.

Answer 2

Mortality

Question 3

The state of having a disease.

Answer 3

Morbidity

Question 4

An exercise training method defined by intervals of near-maximal intensity broken up by relatively short rest periods.

Answer 4

High-intensity interval training (HIIT)

Question 5

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.

Answer 5

Deconditioned

Question 6

A screening tool used to evaluate the benefits and the risks associated with starting any type of exercise that is strenuous in nature.

Answer 6

Health risk assessment (HRA)

Question 7

A specific situation where a medication, procedure, or exercise should be avoided because it may prove to be harmful to the individual.

Answer 7

Contraindication

Question 8

A detailed questionnaire designed to assess an individual’s physical readiness to engage in structured exercise.

Answer 8

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q+)

Question 9

A screening where the results of the health risk assessment might indicate a need for medical clearance, when one is in fact not needed.

Answer 9

False-positive screenings

Question 10

A questionnaire with lists of questions that pertain to health history and habits, such as exercise history, eating behaviors, and general lifestyle.

Answer 10

Health history questionnaire (HHQ)

Question 11

The number of heart beats per minute while at complete rest.

Answer 11

Resting heart rate (RHR)

Question 12

The physiological process by which the body maintains a relatively constant internal body temperature, including events like sweating to cool the body and shivering to warm the body.

Answer 12

Thermoregulation

Question 13

The action of expanding the diameter of a blood vessel near the surface of the skin, which helps remove heat from the body.

Answer 13

Peripheral vasodilation

Question 14

The measurement of the number of times a heart beats within a specified time period (usually 1 minute).

Answer 14

Heart rate (HR)

Question 15

There are many anatomical locations that can be used to measure a client’s RHR. However, for accuracy, safety, and ease of administration, NASM recommends that fitness professionals measure what type of pulse?

Answer 15

Radial pulse

Question 16

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded.

Answer 16

Systolic blood pressure (SBP)

Question 17

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.

Answer 17

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

Question 18

The system of arteries carrying blood away from the heart.

Answer 18

Arterial system

Question 19

The primary artery of the upper arm, which is often used as a site for measuring blood pressure.

Answer 19

Brachial artery

Question 20

Normal Blood Pressure

Answer 20

120/80

Question 21

Elevated Blood Pressure

Answer 21

120-129/+80

Question 22

Stage 1 Hypertension

Answer 22

130-139 / 80-89

Question 23

Stage 2 Hypertension

Answer 23

140+ / 90+

Question 24

Hypertensive Crisis

Answer 24

180+ / 120+

Question 25

The field of study of the measurement of living humans for purposes of understanding human physical variation in size, weight, and proportion.

Answer 25

Anthropometry

Question 26

The measurement of a person’s weight relative to his or her height, which is used to estimate the risks of obesity.

Answer 26

Body mass index (BMI)

Question 27

The measurement that determines the overall dimension (girth) of a body segment, which can be used to estimate body composition or the prevalence of obesity.

Answer 27

Circumference measurement

Question 28

A measurement that represents the narrowest circumference taken around the midline of the body at the approximate height of the umbilicus (belly button).

Answer 28

Waist circumference

Question 29

The relative score expressing the ratio of the waist circumference to the hip circumference, which correlates to the risk for developing cardiovascular disease.

Answer 29

Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)

Question 30

The area where the fold of the buttocks joins the back of the thigh.

Answer 30

Gluteal fold

Question 31

A technique used to estimate body fat in which calipers are used to pinch the skin in certain areas of the body.

Answer 31

Skinfold measurements

Question 32

Measures the thickness of skinfolds at seven different places within the body to estimate body fat percentage.

Answer 32

Jackson and Pollock 7-Site protocol

Question 33

Measures the thickness of skinfolds at three different places within the body to estimate body fat percentage.

Answer 33

Jackson and Pollock 3-Site protocol

Question 34

Measures the thickness of skinfolds at four different places (biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac) within the body to estimate body fat percentage.

Answer 34

Four-site Durnin– Womersley protocol

Question 35

A body composition assessment technique that estimates body fat percentage by measuring the resistance to the flow of electrical currents introduced into the body.

Answer 35

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

Question 36

The assumption stating that the volume of fluid displaced is equivalent to the volume of an object fully immersed in that fluid or to the specific fraction of the volume below the surface.

Answer 36

Archimedes’ principle

Question 37

The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to provide the body with oxygen during activity.

Answer 37

Cardiorespiratory fitness

Question 38

Protocols intended to measure the aerobic fitness of an individual.

Answer 38

Cardiorespiratory assessments

Question 39

The part of the cell that uses nutrients to create energy for the cell; commonly known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Answer 39

Mitochondria

Question 40

An aerobic test that measures the cardiovascular fitness of an individual based on a 3-minute bout of stair-stepping at a specific cadence.

Answer 40

YMCA 3-minute step test

Question 41

The number of heartbeats measured after exercise ceases, which provides some indication of an individual’s fitness level (i.e., more conditioned people recover more rapidly).

Answer 41

Recovery heart rate (RHR)

Question 42

How many steps per minute is the YMCA 3-Minute step Test?

Answer 42

96 Steps Per minute

Question 43

An aerobic test for deconditioned individuals or those of low fitness levels in which they are instructed to walk as fast as possible and have their pulse taken immediately after completing 1 mile.

Answer 43

Rockport walk test

Question 44

An aerobic test that measures cardiorespiratory endurance by having the participant cover the distance of 1.5 miles in as short a time as possible.

Answer 44

1.5-mile (2.4 km) run test

Question 45

An aerobic test that measures the participant’s ability to talk or hold a conversation during an activity at various intensity levels.

Answer 45

Talk test

Question 46

The point at which the body uses an equal mix of carbohydrate and fat as fuel sources.

Answer 46

Ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1)

Question 47

Any stage at which the physiological response of heart rate from the cardiovascular system becomes relatively constant in relation to the amount of work being performed (i.e., the heart rate response matches the level of work being performed).

Answer 47

Steady-state (SS) heart rate

Question 48

The point where glucose provides nearly all of the energy for the activity.

Answer 48

Ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2)

Question 49

Energy systems used to perform work in which glycogen is converted to glucose and oxygen is insufficient to break down pyruvate and create adenosine triphosphate.

Answer 49

Anaerobic energy systems