Chapter 14- Reproductive System Flashcards
Androgens:
hormones for male
What are the primary reproductive organs in the male?
Testes
Spermatozoa:
male sex cells
Vas deferens;
ejaculatory duct begins where the seminal vesicles join the vas deferens, & this tube joins the urethra.
Prostate:
Gland the size of a walnut that secretes alkaline fluid, below the bladder.
Scrotum:
Retractable sac- like structure that contains the testes.
Penis:
External cylindrical organ with a slightly enlarged end
Urethra:
Tube that allows booth urine and semen to exit the body
What is the common treatment of prostatitis?
Antibiotics, such as penicillin
What is the common treatment for BPH or prostate cancer?
Laser treatment
Tumors:
Life threatening condition such as testicular cancer.
Infectious diseases:
conditions caused by bacteria, such as syphilis and gonorrhea
Impotence:
The inability to achieve and maintain erection
Inflammatory disorders:
Swollen, painful male reproductive organs like the prostate and epididymis
Genital herpes:
painful genital vesicles and ulcers
Gonorrhea:
painful and frequent urination, discharge form the penis
Syphilis;
chancre at the site of exposure, usually the penis
AIDS:
fever, joint pain, muscle pain, night sweats, and malaise
What is the most prevalent STI?
Genital Warts
What type of urine specimen is obtained to perform a urinalysis?
Random urine specimen
Obsterics:
The branch of medicine that deals with pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period.
Urologist:
Doctors who specialize in male reproductive disorders, along with female and male urinary system disorders.
Gynecologist:
Doctors who diagnose and treat female reproductive system diseases. Often provider practices both obstetrics and gyno (OBGYN).
Nurse midwives:
Healthcare providers who assist women through pregnancy, labor, and delivery.
Doula:
Woman who assists other women during labor and delivery. Also, may provide support to the family after childbirth.
Gamete:
A mature sexual reproductive cell; spermatozoon or ovum.
Gonad:
Organs that produce sex cells in both males and females.
Testes:
Located in the scrotum, testes are the primary reproductive organ in males. Each testis is about 4 cm wide and 3 cm thick.
Consists of lobules that hold seminiferous tubules where spermatozoa are produced.
Spermatozoa are the male sex cells, where the formation of sperm begins.
Male Reproductive:
- Primary reproductive organ = testes.
-Each testis is oval in shape, measures about 1.6 inches long & 1 inch wide. - Testes are surrounded by white, fibrous capsules & are suspended together is a sac called the scrotum.
- Testes produce gametes = Spermatozoa
- Spermatozoa’s are made up of: Head, Midpiece, and Tail or Flagellum
Head:
Contains the chromosomes in the nucleus
Midpiece:
Contain mitochondria which produces energy
Tail or Flagellum:
used for movement
Spermatogenesis:
formation of sperm
Seminiferous tubules:
Spermatozoa’s are formed in a series of tiny tubes in each testis.
Where do spermatozoa’s travel to when they reach the testis?
Epididymis (Where they are stored and matured)
Epididymis:
is a coiled tube that is almost 20 feet long and found on top of & behind each testis.
-Next, the spermatozoa moves to the Vas deferens.
-Each Vas deferens is 18 inches long that connects to the base of the epididymis & passes along to the side of the testis.
-Deferens travels into the pelvic cavity, just found behind the bladder.
Prostate gland, Seminal Vesicles, & Cowper Gland or Bulbourethral gland):
provides fluid either to nourish or to aid in motility & lubrication.
Semen:
sperm & fluid together makes up.
Glans penis:
Semen exit through the tip of the penis.
Foreskin and/or Prepuce:
at birth the glans penis is surrounded by this called.
Testosterone:
at puberty the interstitial cells start to produce this
-maining reproductive structures & development of sperm.
Cells & Secondary Sex Characteristics:
- Deep voice
-Broad shoulders
-Narrow hips
-Body hair
The penis composed of three columns:
of highly vascular erectile tissue.
Two columns of corpora cavernosa.
Corpus Spongiosum.
Corpus Spongiosum:
fills w/ blood, through the dorsal vein, during sexual arousal.
What should a patient be instructed to feel for during a testicular self-exam?
Hard painless lumps in the testicles
Tenderness when examining the epididymis
How does a provider determine an enlarged prostate?
Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
What are male sex hormones called collectively?
Androgens
What is true about the testes?
- The scrotum contains the testes.
- Spermatozoa are produced in the testes.
- The testes are the primary reproductive organs in the male.
The urethra in a male is a part of which two systems?
Urinary, Reproductive
What physiological changes occur to result in erection?
- Arteries in the penis dilate.
- Veins in the penis compress.
- Three columns of erectile tissue in the penis become stimulated.
Testosterone:
stimulates enlargement of the testes.
What is the organ of male copulation
Penis
How many sperm cells are in each ejaculation?
100- 200 million
Where are spermatozoa stored prior to ejaculation?
Vas deferens
What is considered the most deadly STI?
Aids
Which types of secretions compose semen?
- Prostate gland secretions
- Secretions from the vas deferens
- Bulbourethral gland secretions
- Secretions from the seminal vesicles
What are signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Hematuria, Urinary Urgency, Repeated urinary tract infections, difficulty starting the stream of urine
Which factors can cause erectile dysfunction?
Stress, Anxiety, Fear of unsatisfactory performance, physical disease that affect the vascular system
What inflammatory condition is most frequently seen in uncircumcised males?
Balanitis
Which patients are at highest risk for developing prostate cancer?
- Men over the age of 50
Which conditions are viral STIs?
- Genital warts
- AIDS infection
-Genital herpes
What do HIV screening tests measure in the blood?
Antibodies to the HIV virus
What patient instructions should the medical assistant (MA) provide after a patient undergoes a vasectomy?
- Sterility is not achieved immediately.
- Sexual function is not affected by the procedure.
-A back up method of birth control should be used.
What should a patient be instructed to do prior to a male reproductive system exam?
- Empty the bladder
- Disrobe and sit on the exam table
- Cover the lower extremities with a drape sheet
What are the reasons for performing a circumcision?
- Religious rite
- Ethnic custom
-Family preference
-Prepuce is too tight
What are the responsibilities of the medical assistant (MA) when assisting with an exam of the male reproductive system?
- Position and drape the pt.
- Assist the provider during the exam
-Provide pt support during the exam.
Circumcision-
Surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis.
Prostatectomy-
Removal of the prostate.
Vasectomy-
Surgical procedure in which the vasa differentia are cut, tied, and cauterized for the purpose of male sterilization.
Orchiopexy
a surgery that moves an undescended testicle into the scrotum.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) :
Also called enlarged prostate, is a nonmalignant condition.
Signs and Symptoms:
Urinary urgency and frequency, Difficulty starting urination, urine retention, and dribbling. Hematuria and repeated UTIs.
Treatment:
Lifestyle changes, bladder training, Laser therapy, TURP, Alpha blockers.
Male Infertility-
Not getting pregnant after 1 year or longer of unprotected sex.
Signs & Symptoms: Not being able to conceive a child, problems with sexual function, testicular swelling, or pain, recurring respiratory infections, inability to smell, low sperm counts, decreased body and facial hair.
Treatments: Surgery, antibiotics to treat an infection, hormone treatments, ART – in vitro fertilization.
Prostate Cancer-
Cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum). Prostate cancer usually occurs in older men.
Testicular Cancer-
Erectile Cancer-
Balanitis-
Pyronine’s disease-
Priapism-
Penile cancer-
Epididymitis-
Gynecomastia-
Orchitis-
Prostatitis-
Spermatocele-
Testicular Torsion-
Varicocele-
Anorchism-
Chordee-
Cryptorchidism-
Epispadias-
Hypospadias-
Hydrocele-
Phimosis-
FEMALE:
Ovaries:
are a female’s gonads, small, almond-shaped: located on either side of the uterus: they attached to the uterus by ovarian ligament
Ova also called Oocytes:
The female gamete
The pear-shaped organ that is designed to nurture a developing embryo/fetus is called the:
Uterus
Testes produce the gametes called
Spermatozoa
At puberty, the interstitial cells in the testicles begin to produce:
Testosterone
The congenital disorder of the male reproductive system in which the testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth is called:
Cryptorchidism
What type of treatment plan for prostate cancer utilizes rice-sized radioactive seeds that are implanted in the prostate tissue using a needle guided by ultrasound images?
Brachytherapy
What is the most frequently reported infectious disease in the United States?
Chlamydia
___________ is the study of the male reproductive system, especially in reference to fertility issues.
Andrology
The parenchymal organs that produce the sex cells in both sexes are called
Gonads
During which phase of a menstrual cycle is progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum causing extensive growth of the endometrium as it prepares for a possible pregnancy?
Luteal Phase
In females, the gonads are the:
Ovaries
Uterus:
a pear shaped organ that is designed to nurture a developing embryo/ fetus and consists of three layers.
Testes produce the gametes called:
Spermatozoa
The interstitial cells in the testicles begin to produce testosterone, which is responsible for maintaining reproductive structures as well as the development of sperms cells and secondary sex characteristics.
At puberty
Cryptorchidism:
is the condition in which the testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth.
Brachytherapy:
uses rice-sized radioactive seeds that are implanted in the prostate tissue using a needle guided by ultrasound images. A low dose of radiation is delivered over a long period of time.
Chlamydia
is the most frequently reported infectious disease in the United States and is a mostly asymptomatic bacterial STI.
Andrology:
is the study of the male reproductive system, especially in reference to fertility issues.
The parenchymal:
organs that produce the sex cells in both sexes are called gonads.
Luteal phase:
progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum which causes extensive growth of the endometrium as it prepares for a possible pregnancy.
Gonads:
which are small, almond-shaped, paired organs located on either side of the uterus in the female pelvic cavity.
Which term is used to describe the surgical removal of the prepuce of the penis?
Circumsion
Tubal ligation:
describe a surgical procedure in which the uterine tubes are burned or severed and tied off.
Mittelschmerz
one sided lower abdominal pain experienced in or around ovulation.
Which is the term for narrow region of the uterus that is directed into the vagina?
Cervix
Internal os
opening b/w the body and the cervix
Fundus
the upper, bulging surface of the uterus, above the entrance of the uterine tubes.
Which structure of the male reproductive system holds the seminiferous tubules, where spermatozoa, the male sex cells, are produced?
Testes
Lobules;
in the testes hold the seminiferous tubules, where spermatozoa, the maie sex cea
