Chapter 13- Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Urology:

A

specialty dealing with most urinary disorders

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2
Q

Urologist:

A

specialist involved in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urinary system disorders.

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3
Q

Nephrology:

A

Subspecialty that focuses on kidney function and disorders.

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4
Q

Nephrologist:

A

subspecialist in diagnosis and treatment of kidney conditions.

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5
Q

About how many nephrons are in a kidney?

A

More than 1,000,000

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6
Q

Which structure carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

A

Ureter

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7
Q

Which structure of the urinary system allows urine to leave the body?

A

Urethra

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8
Q

Which structure stores urine in the body until it can be eliminated voluntarily?!

A

Bladder

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9
Q

What determines how the kidneys excrete or retain substances?

A

Renal threshold

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10
Q

Which components of the kidneys are responsible for reabsorption?

A

Glomerulus

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11
Q

The Kidneys:

A

Bean shaped organ about the size of a fist.
-Location: Posterior to the peritoneum, against the back muscles, b/w T12 and L3.

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12
Q

Major components of Kidneys:

A

Capsule
Cortex and medulla
Renal column
Medullary pyramid
Minor and major calyces
Nephrons

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13
Q

What is considered the functional unit of the kidneys?

A

Nephron

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14
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys?

A

The kidneys remove unwanted substances from blood and form urine for excretion.

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15
Q

Briefly describe the vasculature serving the kidneys:

A

Renal arteries bring blood into afferent arterioles and then through capillaries called the glomeruli. Blood moves from the glomerulus into efferent arterioles, then into peritubular capillaries, then into venules, which empty into renal veins. The renal veins take blood to the inferior vena cava to return to the heart and lungs.

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16
Q

Major components of nephrons:

A

One end is the corpuscle; the remaining portion is the renal tubule.

17
Q

Corpuscle:

A

Bowman capsule
Glomerulus

18
Q

Major components of the renal tubule:

A

Proximal (convoluted) tubule (PCT)
Henle loop
Distal (convoluted) tubule (DCT)
Collecting duct (CD)

19
Q

What is filtrate?

A

Filtrate is fluid and substances that are filtered out of the blood in the Bowman capsule.

20
Q

Pyle/o:

A

Pelvis

21
Q

What is the hilum of the kidney?

A

The hilum is an indentation on the kidney where the ureter and renal vein leave the kidney and the renal artery enters.

22
Q

Ureters:

A

Bilateral, thin, muscular tubes connecting kidneys to bladder.

23
Q

Transitional epithelium walls-

A

is a stratified tissue in which the cells are all have a fairly round shape when the organ it lines is not distended (stretched out).

24
Q
A
25
Q
A