Chapter 14- Reporting Flashcards
it was influenced by heat during intercourse and the environment, to the modern understanding that it is primarily determined by the X and Y chromosomes.
Sex determination
carries a gene that encodes
a testis-determining factor, crucial for male sex determination
Y chromosome
An individual with any number of
X chromosomes and a Y chromosome will be
_______, while an individual with only X
chromosomes will be _______, but a second X is
needed for a complete ovary
male, female
involves the development of non-gonadal sexual characteristics, which are typically influenced by hormones and paracrine factors from the gonads.
secondary sex determination
The sex of the offspring is
determined at fertilization by whether the egg
receives a second X (female) or a Y (male)
chromosome.
Primary sex determination
cells that form testis cords and also secrete a factor that blocks female duct development and supports sperm production
sertoli cells
cells that produce
testosterone
Leydig cells
It accumulate near the
outer surface of the
gonad and become ova
germ cells
remains intact
and differentiates into the
oviducts, uterus, cervix,
and upper vagina
Mullerian duct
a protein crucial for testis determination
Sox9
the sex determining gene on the Y chromosome
SRY gene
Two pathways of pathway for organogenesis
Male pathway and female pathway
act to block the ovary forming pathway, probably by blocking the function of
|3-catenin.
Sox9 and Fgf9
is also critical in ovary formation,
since in human case studies several XX
individuals with RSPOl gene mutations became males.
R- spondin
One possible target for β-catenin is the gene
encoding _________
TAFII105
is another gene that is strongly
upregulated in ovaries
FoxL2
- it causes proliferation of the Sertoli cell
precursors and stimulates their differentiation - activates the migration of endothelial cells from the adjacent mesonephros into the XY gonad
Fgf9