Chapter 14 - Periodic table Flashcards

1
Q

Physical properties of metals - 5

A
  • high melting and boiling point
  • high densities
  • good conductor of electricity and heat
    -ductile
  • malleable
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2
Q

chemical properties of metals - 3

A
  • good reducing agents
  • forms basic oxides
  • loses electrons to form positive ions (cations)
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3
Q

physical properties of non metals - 5

A
  • poor conductors of heat and electricity
  • low densities
  • low melting and boiling points
  • brittle
    -usually coloured
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4
Q

chemical properties of non metals - 3

A
  • good oxidising agents
  • gain electrons to form negative ions
  • form acidic oxides
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5
Q

how are the elements arranged in the periodic table

A
  • by increasing proton numbers
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6
Q

what are common between elements in the same group - 5

A
  • same number of valence electrons
  • forms ions with similar chemical formulae
  • form compounds with similar formulae
  • have the same chemical properties
  • show gradual change in physical properties
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7
Q

what are common between elements in the same period - 3

A
  • same number of electron shells
  • increase in proton number and valence electrons
  • goes from metals to non metals
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8
Q

important trend across the periodic table

A

from metal, transition metals to non metals their oxides change from basic to amphoteric to acidic

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9
Q

physical properties of alkali metals - 4

A
  • low densities
  • low melting point
  • good conductor of heat and electricity
  • soft metals that can be cut with knife
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10
Q

chemical properties of alkali metals - 4

A
  • strong reducing agents
  • they all lose 1 electron to form a cation with a plus charge
  • very reactive so kept under oil
  • they react with water to form metal hydroxides/ alkalis
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11
Q

physical trends of alkali metals - 2

A
  • boiling and melting point reduces down the group
  • density increases down the group
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12
Q

chemical trends of alkali metals - 1

A
  • reactivity increases down the group
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13
Q

physical properties of halogens - 4

A
  • low melting and boiling point
  • low density
  • do not conduct electricity
  • exists as diatomic molecules
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14
Q

chemical properties of halogens - 4

A
  • strong oxidising agents
  • gain 1 electron to form negatively charged anions with a negative charge
  • reacts with alkalis to form halides
  • all form insoluble silver and lead salts
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15
Q

physical trends of halogens - 4

A
  • density increases down the group
  • colour intensity increases down the group
  • goes from solid to gas
  • melting point and boiling point increases down the group
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16
Q

chemical trends of halogens - 1

A

reactivity decreases down the group

17
Q

uses of flourine

A

used in toothpaste to prevent tooth decay

18
Q

uses of chlorine

A

added in water to kill bacteria

19
Q

physical properties of noble gases - 4

A
  • very low melting and boiling points
    -very low densities
  • do not conduct electricity and heat
  • exists as monoatomic elements
20
Q

chemical properties of noble gases - 2

A
  • chemically unreactive and stable because they have full valence electrons
  • helium has a duplet structure while the rest have a oclet structure
21
Q

uses of helium

A

used to fill helium balloons

22
Q

uses of neon

A

used to fill advertising lights

23
Q

uses of argon

A

used to fill normal light bulbs as it prevent the oxidation of steel in the light bulb

24
Q

physical properties of transition metals - 4

A
  • high melting and boiling point
  • high densities
  • good conductors of electricity and heat
  • ductile and malleable
25
Q

chemical properties of transition metals - 3

A
  • usually make good catalysts
  • form coloured compounds
  • have variable valencies
26
Q

uses of iron

A

catalyst in habers process

27
Q

uses of nickel

A

catalyst in hydrogenation of alkenes

28
Q

uses of maganese (IV) oxide

A

catalyst in decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

29
Q

chlorine gas bubled through pottassium iodide solution

A

colourless solution turns brown
chlorine more reactive than iodine therefore it can displace iodine from pottassium chloride

30
Q

chlorine gas was pumped through potassium flouride

A

no visible reaction , solution remains colourless

31
Q

colour and state of flourine

A

gas and yellow

32
Q

colour and state of chlorine

A

gas and green

33
Q

colour and state of bromine

A

liquid and brown

34
Q

colour and state of iodine

A

solid and brown

35
Q

colour and state of astatine

A

solid and black

36
Q

what two halogen are reddish brown in aqueous state

A

bromine and iodine