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Chemistry > Chapter 10 and 11 - Acid bases salts > Flashcards

Chapter 10 and 11 - Acid bases salts Flashcards

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1
Q

Define acids

A

substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

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2
Q

Examples of common acids

A

hydrochloric acid (HCl)
sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
nitric acid (HNO3)
Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)

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3
Q

What is the only organic acid

A

Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)

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4
Q

State three strong acids

A

= hydrochloric
- sulfuric
- nitric

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5
Q

State one weak acid

A

ethanoic acid

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6
Q

4 properties of acids

A
  • sour
  • has a Ph lesser than 7
  • can conduct electricity in aqueous state
  • turns blue litmus red
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7
Q

What are four things acids reacts with

A

metal , alkali , carbonate, basic oxide

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8
Q

What is the special product of reaction between acid and metal

A

hydrogen

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9
Q

What is the special product of reaction between acids and carbonate salt

A

carbon dioxide

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10
Q

Three uses of acids

A

rest removal , food preservation , manufacture fertilisers

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11
Q

Definition of alkali

A

substances that produces hydroxide ions, when dissolved in water

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12
Q

Define bases

A

oxides/hydroxides of metals usually insoluble

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13
Q

Relation between base and alkali

A

alkalis are soluble bases, because bases are normally not soluble

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14
Q

Common bases

A

not SPCA hydroxide, metal oxides
NOT :
sodium hydroxide
potassium hydroxide
calcium hydroxide
ammonium hydroxide

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15
Q

Common alkali

A

SPCA hydroxide
sodium hydroxide
potassium hydroxide
calcium hydroxide
ammonium hydroxide

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16
Q

5 properties of alkalis

A
  • bitter taste
  • soapy feel
  • Ph greater than 7
  • turns red litmus paper blue
  • can conduct electricity in aqueous state
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17
Q

What is the special product of the reaction between alkali and ammonium salt

A

ammonia

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18
Q

3 uses of alkalis

A

dissolve grease, medication for gastric pains , manufacture toothpaste

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19
Q

Definition of neutralisation

A

reaction where acid reacts with base to form salt and water

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20
Q

ionic equation for neutralisation reaction

A

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) = H2O(l)

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21
Q

What proofs a neutralisation reaction

A

water being produced

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22
Q

What type of energy reaction is neutralisation

A

exothermic

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23
Q

How neutralise a highly acidic soil

A

add CaO or Ca(OH)2
- calcium oxide (lime)
- calcium hydroxide (slaked lime )

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24
Q

How to neutralise a slightly acidic soil

A

add CaCO3
calcium carbonate / limestone

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25
Q

When there is too much hydrochloric acid in the stomach there is indigestion how to neutralise

A

add Mg(OH)2 or Na3CO3
magnesium hydroxide or sodium carbonate

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26
Q

What are 4 things that can be added to soil to neutralise

A

quicklime
slake lime
limestone
ammonium fertilisers

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27
Q

Can quicklime (CaO) be added in excess why

A

no because it is soluble in water and make the soil too alkaline

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28
Q

Can slaked lime be added in excess why

A

no because it is soluble in water and make the soil too alkaline

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29
Q

Can limestone be added in excess why

A

yes, it is insoluble in water so the excess powder can be seen whitely in the soil and does not affect the Ph of the soil

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30
Q

Can ammonium fertiliser be added with calcium hydroxide why

A

no if washed into the lakes it promotes algae growth and affects aquatic life

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31
Q

What PH scale causes a litmus paper to turn red

A

0-6

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32
Q

What PH scale turns the litmus paper blue

A

8-14

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33
Q

Colour of UI if ph is 1

A

red

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34
Q

Colour of IS if ph is 1-2

A

orange

35
Q

Colour of UI if ph is 4-6

A

yellow

36
Q

Colour of UI if ph is 7

A

green

37
Q

Colour of UI if ph is 8-10

A

blue

38
Q

Colour of UI If ph is between 11-12

A

indigo

39
Q

Colour of UI if ph is 13-14

A

violet

40
Q

Two neutral substances

A

water and sodium chloride

41
Q

Definition of acidic oxides

A
  • oxides of non metals so it is acidic
  • reacts with bases to form salt and water
42
Q

Definition of basic oxides

A
  • oxides of metals so its alkaline
  • reacts with acid to form salt and water
43
Q

Definition of amphoteric oxides

A
  • oxide thar has both alkaline and acidic properties
  • reacts with acids or alkalis to form salt and water
44
Q

Definition of neutral oxides

A
  • oxides that are neither acidic not alkaline properties, so they are neutral
  • does not react with acids or alkalis
45
Q

What two types of oxides are metal oxides

A

amphoteric oxide and basic oxides

46
Q

What two types of oxides are non metal oxides

A

neutral and acidic oxides

47
Q

Which type of metal oxide contains more oxides

A

basic oxides

48
Q

What are the three special metal oxides and what group are they

A

ZAP - zinc oxide, aluminium oxide and lead oxide (Pb) an they are from amphoteric oxides

49
Q

Which type of non metal oxide contains most of the oxides

A

acidic oxides

50
Q

Which type of non metal oxide contains most of the oxides

A

acidic oxides

51
Q

What are the three differing non metal oxides and what group do they belong to

A

CHiNA - carbon monoxide water and nitrogen monoxide and they belong to the neutral oxides

52
Q

If the salt Is insoluble what type of preparation method should I use

A

precipitation method

53
Q

If the salt is soluble what type of reaction method should I use

A

acid reaction or titration

54
Q

What are the special needs of reactant in the precipitation methods

A

Two soluble salts must be used and after double displacement it must give the salt required in the question. The order product should be soluble - just for checking

55
Q

What’s are two tips for the titration method

A

Use SPAN
-sodium slats
- potassium salts
- ammonium salts
- metal nitrate salt (any metals)

56
Q

What are the special requirements for titration method

A

The reactant must be aqueous and must form a aqueous version of what is asked in the question

57
Q

How many different acid reactions are there

A

4

58
Q

What two reactions is better to use for acids reactions

A

where the other reactant is a hydroxide or carbonate

59
Q

For a reaction between sodium sulfate and barium nitrate to form barium surface and sodium nitrate what is the method and what are teh 5 steps to prepare it

A

PPT METHOD
- add excess sodium sulfate to barium nitrate in a beaker
-Stir until no more PPT is formed
- filter mixture to collect PPT
- was residue with cold distilled water to remove impurities
- press crystals between sheets of filter paper to dry

60
Q

For a reaction between sulphuric acid and copper oxide to form copper sulfate and water what is the method used and exalting the 7 steps to do it

A

ACID REACTIONS METHOD
- add copper 2 oxide to sulfuric acid in a beaker
- stir to dissolve copper 2 oxide
- continue to add more copper 2 oxide and stir until no more copper 2 oxide can dissolve
- filter off excess copper 2 oxide
- heat filtrate to saturation
- allow to cool and crystals of copper 2 sulfate will form
- press crystals between sheets of filter paper to dry

61
Q

Why is it not good to use reaction between acid and metal for doing acid reaction method

A

some metals do not react with acids like the least reactive ones (reactivity series )

62
Q

For a reaction between sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide to form sodium sulfate and water what is the method used and explain the 8 steps .

A

TITRATION METHOD
- pipette 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide into conical flask
- add a few drops of indicator into the flask
- add drop wise of sulfuric acid from beretta into flask
- when there is a colour change of indicator firstly observed, note volume of sulfuric acid used
-repeat experiment with exact volume of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid without adding indicator
- heat solution formed to saturation
- allow to cool and crystals of sodium sulfate will form
- press crystals between sheets of filter paper to dry

63
Q

Define acid

A

Substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

64
Q

State the ion that causes acidity

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

65
Q

Name the properties of acids

A

Sour taste
Ph lesser than 7
Turns blur litmus red
Can conduct electricity in aqueous state

66
Q

Why is aqueous HCL acidic

A

When HCL dissolves In water ionisation occurs and HCL ionises into H+ ions and Cl- ions plus water ionises into H+ and OH- ions therefore more H+ ions more acidic

67
Q

Why is dry HCL gas Nutrel

A

HCL is covalently bonded so electrons are shared between molecules so no ionisation so no H+ ions or OH- ions so it’s not acidic or alkaline or neutral

68
Q

How to test between two acids and determine the stronger one

A

Add equal mass of Zn (same mass and concentration ) and measure the amount of gas produced in the first minute, the acid that produced more hydrogen gas is the more powerful acid

69
Q

State the ion that causes alkalinity

A

OH-

70
Q

Name properties of bases

A

Butter taste
Soapy feel
Ph higher than 7
Turns red litmus blue
Can conduct electricity in aqueous state

71
Q

What is the ionic equation for neutralisation

A

H+ (aq) + OH- (ap) = H2O (l)

72
Q

Why is calcium hydroxide added to soil

A

To neutralise acidity in soil that it caused by acid rain so that crops can grow better

73
Q

Why does most bread dough containing baking powder rise when heated

A

Acidic baking powder ionises when in contact with moisture to form H+ ions
H+ ions then reacts with sodium hydrocarbonate to produce CO2
CO2 causes Bread to rise when heated

74
Q

How to determine the end point of titration

A

Neutralisation is an endothermic process so can use max temperature recorded to determine end point

75
Q

Why does electrical conductivity decrease when neutralisation is taking place

A

Good electrical conductivity depends on no of ions during neutralisation the H+ ions and OH - ions are lesser so regions available to conduct electricity is lesser so electrical conductivity is lesser

76
Q

How can aluminium oxide be removed

A

Using
- acid
- alkaline
- sandpaper

77
Q

Why are group 4 and 5 oxides are less effective I’d neutralising acid

A

They are non metals that usually form acidic oxides and they cannot neutralise acidity

78
Q

What is the UI colour when sodium oxide is add ( metal oxide )

A

Oxides of sodium dissolve on water to form alkaline solution therefore it turns the universal indicator violet

79
Q

What is the UI colour when oxides of sulfur are added (non metal oxide )

A

Oxides of sulfur dissolve in water to form acidic solution therefore turns universal indicator red.

80
Q

How to know when to use titration method

A

When the salt to be prepared if SPA or group 1 - sodium potassium and ammonium

81
Q

How to know when to use acids reaction method

A

When the salt to be prepared is not SPA or group 1 - sodium potassium and ammonium

82
Q

Tips to chose reactants in titration

A

SPA some girl
Some guy N

83
Q

Tips to choose reactants in titration

A
  • use acid or alkaline
  • choose carbonate salt
84
Q

Tips to chose reactants for scuds reaction method

A
  • Acid plus base ( not SPCA - OH)
    OR
  • acid plus carbide salt

Chemistry (19 decks)

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