Chapter 14 Part 3

Question 1

a printed report of the electrical activity of the brain is called….

Answer 1

an EEG (electroencephalogram)

Question 2

why is the electrical activity of the brain monitored?

Answer 2

to assess brain activity

Question 3

neural function is dependent on….

Answer 3

electrical events within the plasma membrane of neurons

Question 4

the electrical patterns observed on an EEG are called..

Answer 4

brain waves

Question 5

how is an EEG conducted

Answer 5

electrodes are placed on the brain or outer surface of the skull

the electrical activity changes constantly, as nuclei and corticol areas are stimulated or quiet down

Question 6

name the 4 types of waves on an EEG

Answer 6

alpha waves
beta waves
theta waves
delta waves

Question 7

explain what alpha waves symbolize

Answer 7

alpha waves occur in the brains of healthy, awake adults who are resting with their eyes closed

Question 8

when do alpha waves disappear?

Answer 8

during sleep, and when the individual concentrates on some specific task

Question 9

During attention to tasks, what waves are present?

Answer 9

beta waves

Question 10

which occur at higher frequency – beta waves or alpha waves?

Answer 10

beta waves

Question 11

explain when beta waves will be present

Answer 11

individuals who are concentrated, under stress, or in a state of psychological tension

Question 12

explain when theta waves are observed

Answer 12

-transiently during sleep in normal adults
-most often in children and in intensely frustrated adults

Question 13

The presence of theta waves in circumstances which do not include:
transiently in sleep, childrn, extremely frustrated adults, what could this indicate?

Answer 13

may indicate the presence of a brain disorder such as a tumor

Question 14

what are the largest amplitude and lowest frequency waves, and when are they observed?

Answer 14

delta waves
during deep sleep in individuals of all ages

also seen in the brains of infants (cortical development is incomplete)
and in awake adults when a tumor, vascualar blockage, or inflammation ahs damaged portions of the brain

Question 15

what is the purpose of using a pacemaker mechanism in conducting an EEG

Answer 15

this synchronizes the electrical activity in the 2 hemispheres.

asynchrony between the 2 hemispheres could indicate localized damage or other cerebral abnormalities

Question 16

a seizure is a temporary ______ disorder

Answer 16

cerebral
accompanied by abnormal movements, unusual sensations, etc

Question 17

clinical conditions characterized by seizures are known as…..

Answer 17

epilepsies

Question 18

explain how a seizure affects the results of an EEG

Answer 18

there is a marked change in the EEG which begins in 1 portion of the cerebral cortex, but may spread across the entire cortical surface, like a wave on the surface of a pond

Question 19

if a seizure affects the primary motor cortex, what will happen?

if a seizure affects the auditory cortex, what will happen?

Answer 19

motor – movements will occur

auditory – hear strange sounds

Question 20

how many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 20

12 pairs

Question 21

cranial reflexes are ____ and ____ reflex arcs that involve the ___ and ____ fibers of cranial nerves

Answer 21

monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arcs that involve the sensory and motor fibers of cranial nerves

Question 22

why are cranial reflexes clinically important?

Answer 22

they provide a quick and easy way to check cranial nerves for brain damage

Question 23

name 4 somatic cranial reflexes

Answer 23

corneal reflex
auditory reflex
tympanic reflex
vestibulo-ocular reflexes

Question 24

name 2 visceral cranial reflexes

Answer 24

direct light reflex
consensual light reflex