Chapter 12 Part 1 Flashcards
the nervous system includes all the _____ of the body
neural tissue
what are the basic functional units of the nervous system?
neurons
what is the function of neuroglia? what is another word for them?
neuroglia are supporting cells, essential to the survival and functionality of neurons AND to preserving the physical and biochemical structure of neural tissue
another name for them = glial cells
which are there more of — neurons or neuroglia?
neuroglia FAR outnumber neurons
what are the organs of the nervous system?
-the brain and spinal cord
-the receptors in “complex sense organs” (the ear and eye)
-the nerves that link the nervous system with other systems
viewed ANATOMICALLY, the nervous system has _____ divisions:
2 divisions:
the CNS (central nervous system) and
the PNS (peripheral nervous system)
what does the CNS consist of?
the brain and spinal cord
the brain and spinal cord are complex organs that include….
-neural tissue
-blood vessels
-various connective tissue
What is the function of the connective tissues in the brain and spinal cord
physical protection and support
What is the CNS responsible for?
integrating, processing, and coordinating sensory data and motor commands
Sensory data convey information about what?
conditions inside or outside of the body
what do motor commands do?
control or adjust the activities of peripheral organs (such as skeletal muscle)
what is the seat of higher functions, such as intelligence, memory, learning, and emotion?options: CNS or PNS
CNS – specifically the brain
Explain what is happening with the CNS when we stumble
when we stumble, the CNS integrates information about your balance and the position of your limbs and then COORDINATES your recovery by sending motor commands to appropriate skeletal muscles
When we stumble and the CNS coordinates our recovery, is this done with your own conscious effort?
no — happens in a split second without our conscious effort
the PNS includes……
all of the neural tissue outside of the CNS
What is the function of the PNS?
the PNS:
- delivers sensory information to the CNS
- carries out motor commands to peripheral tissues and systems
What actually carries the sensory information and motor commands in the PNS?
bundles of axons — called nerve fibers
these bundles of axons (nerve fibers) are called _________ when they’re associated with blood vessels or connective tissue
peripheral nerves —- or simply nerves
nerves connected to the brain are called …..
cranial nerves
nerves attached to the spinal cord are called….
spinal nerves
describe the 2 basic functional divisions of the PNS
the PNS can be divided into afferent and efferent divisions
the afferent division brings sensory information TO the CNS FROM receptors in peripheral tissues and organs
the efferent division carries motor commands FROM the CNS to muscles, glands, and adipose tissue
the efferent division of the PNS carries motor commands from the CNS to muscles, glands, and adipose tissue.
What is the term for these target organs?
effectors
what are receptors? what division of the nervous system are they associated with?
receptors are SENSORY STRUCTURES that either detect changes in the environment (internal or external) OR respond to specific stimuli
they are associated with the AFFERENT division of the PNS – gives info TO THE CNS
Our receptors range from ____ to _____
slender, cytoplasmic extensions of single cells to complex receptor organs (such as the eye and ear)
Receptors are either ____ or ______ in other tissues
receptors are either NEURONS or SPECIALIZED CELLS in other tissues
divide the PNS further (not just afferent and efferent divisions)
the efferent division of the PNS can be divided into the…
SNS (somatic nervous system)
ANS (autonomic nervous system)
ANS can be divided into a sympathetic division and a parasympathetic division
what is the function of the SNS and what division of the PNS does it belong to
the SNS belongs to the EFFERENT division of the PNS
the function of the SNS is to control skeletal muscle contractions.