Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systems Pathology II - Exam 1 > Chapter 14 - Oral Cavity - Parts 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Oral Cavity - Parts 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The esophagus is located posterior to what?

A

trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The esophagus is noted as the beginning of what? What is the end?

A

GI tract

anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The esophagus runs from the ______ to the _____ _____.

A

epiglottis

gastroesophageal junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The esophagus is lined by what?

A

Esophageal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 types of obstructive and vascular lesions of the esophagus?

A

Mechanical
Functional
Ectopic
Esophageal varices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When a thin, noncanalized cord replaced a segment of esophagus.

A

atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Artesia is an example of what kind of obstructive of the esophagus?

A

mechanical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atresia is usually associated with what?

A

A fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is it called where there is a connection btw esophagus and trachea?

A

Tracheal fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Besides atresia and tracheal fistula what else can cause a mechanical obstruction of the esophagus?

A

stenosis (fibrosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Uncoordinated peristalsis is called what?

A

aperistalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aperistalsis is what kind of obstruction of the esophagus?

A

functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Achalasia is what kind of esophageal obstruction?

A

functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does achalasia mean?

A

“failure to relax”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is characterized by a triad of things?

A

achalasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the triad associated with Achalasia?

A
  1. Incomplete LES relaxation
  2. Increased LES tone
  3. Esophageal aperistalsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some things that can happen with people with Achalasia?

A

dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain (heartburn), weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Achalasia can cause dilation of the esophagus where?

A

Proximal area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some treatments for Achalasia?

A

botulinum toxin

Pneumatic dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two types of Achalasia?

A

Primary and secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is primary or secondary Achalasia MC?

A

primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is primary Achalasia?

A

Los of INHIBITORY innervation to the LES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is secondary Achalasia?

A

Co-morbidity impairs esophageal functioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some things that can cause secondary Achalasia?

A

Chagas disease
Irradiation
Diabetes
polio

25
Q

specifically distinctive or characteristic of a disease or pathologic condition; a sign or symptom on which a diagnosis can be made.

A

pathognomonic

26
Q

What is the pathognomonic characteristic of secondary Achalasia?

A

Inflammation near Aeurbach’s plexus

27
Q

Infection of what in Chagas disease will cause secondary Achalasia?

A

trypanosoma cruzi

28
Q

Ectopia affects what part of the esophagus?

A

Upper 1/3

29
Q

Ectopia is aka

A

Ectopic gastric mucosa

30
Q

What are the MC symptoms of ectopic gastric mucosa?

A

MC are AYSMPTOMATIC

31
Q

Is ectopic gastric mucosa a risk of cancer?

A

yes

32
Q

Portal venous congestion can lead to what?

A

Portal HTN

33
Q

Esophageal varices develop in what area of the esophagus?

A

Distal 1/3

34
Q

What are esophageal varices?

A

Dilated and tortuous esophageal vessels

35
Q

Esophageal varices are secondary to what?

A

Liver cirrhosis

36
Q

Liver cirrhosis is most commonly associated with what?

A

Alcoholic liver disease

37
Q

What percentage of patients with liver cirrhosis will develop esophageal varices?

A

90%

38
Q

Why is esophageal varices known as the “silent killer”

A

b/c it is asymptomatic and a risk for hemorrhage

39
Q

1st time bleed of esophageal varices are lethal what percent of the time?

A

50%

40
Q

Bleeds from esophageal varices can lead to what?

A

hypovolemic shock

41
Q

Advanced cirrhosis of liver can lead to what?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy (hepatic coma)

42
Q

With liver failure what can happen?

A

Toxins accumulate in CNS

43
Q

What is esophageal inflammation called? Is this a common condition?

A

esophagitis

yes

44
Q

Esophagitis occurs secondary to what?

A

Injury of esophageal mucosa

45
Q

Do symptoms of esophagitis correlate well with the degree of inflammation?

A

no

46
Q

a dysphagia in which swallowing causes pain.

A

odynophagia

47
Q

What two things happen with esophagitis?

A

Odynophagia and dysphagia

48
Q

What is the MC cause of esophagitis?

A

Reflux esophagitis (GERD)

49
Q

GERD means

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

50
Q

What percentage of adults have GERD?

A

25-40%

51
Q

What is the cause of GERD?

A

idiopathic

52
Q

What are some things that can lead to GERD?

A 
LES dysfunction
Increase gastric volume
Obesity
hiatal hernia
Pregnancy
Smoking
alcohol
53
Q

What are the 3 types of esophagitis?

A
  1. GERD
  2. Chemical
  3. Infectious
54
Q

Esophagitis that is acute and self-limited is what kind?

A

chemical

55
Q

What are the irritants that can damage the squamous mucosa of the esophagus?

A 
Tobacco 
Alcohol
Pills
Hot fluids
Acidic/alkaline foods
Irradiation
chemotherapy
56
Q

Infectious esophagitis is MC what?

A

Secondary to ulcer

57
Q

Infectious esophagitis is MC in what types of patients?

A

Debilitate or immunosupressed

58
Q

What can cause infectious esophagitis?

A

Fungal (Candida esophagitis)
HSV
CMV

Systems Pathology II - Exam 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions