Chapter 14. - Oral Cavity - Part 5 Flashcards
What is the MC esophageal laceration?
Mallory-Weiss tear
Mallory-Weiss tear aka
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Mallory-Weiss tears are MC associate with what?
Forceful vomiting
The forceful vomiting with Mallory-Weiss syndrome usually occurs with what?
Acute alcohol intoxication
What else can cause Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
Acute illness
bulimia
The forceful vomiting causes what to happen?
Inadequate LES relaxation which leads to longitudinal esophageal tears
Where does the Mallory-Weiss tear usually happen?
Cross gastroesophageal junction
Besides vomiting what else happens with Mallory-Weiss tears?
hematemesis (50% of upper G. I. bleeds)
What is hematemesis?
Coughing up/vomiting blood
Beside Mallory-Weiss, what else can cause esophageal lacerations?
Trauma, severe coughing/vomiting, or primal scream therapy
What are some treatment for esophageal lacerations
May self resolve
vasoconstrictive meds
transfusions for hemorrhage
BALLON TAMPONADE
What are causes of hiatal hernia?
Congenital
Acquired
idiopathic
Widening of the diaphragm and stomach protrudes into the thorax. Called?
Hiatal hernia
What are the two types of hiatal hernia?
Axial
Non-axial
Where does the stomach protrude through specifically?
Esophageal haitus
Axial hiatal hernia aka
sliding
Non-axial hiatal hernia aka
rolling
Which type of hiatal hernia is MC? What percentage?
Axial
95%
What is the shape of the dilation in axial hiatal hernia?
“bell - shaped”
A separate portion of the stomach protrudes in this hiatal hernia.
non-axial
This type of hiatal hernia is prone to strangulation or obstruction.
non-axial
What is the most frequent cause of esophagitis and the most common outpatient gastrointestinal diagnosis in the US?
GERD
Are hiatal hernias common? What percentage of adults have?
Yes, 20%
What percentage of adults over 70 have hiatal hernias?
70%
What percentage of hiatal hernias are asymptomatic?
90%
When hiatal hernia is symptomatic, what type is it usually?
non-axial
When hiatal hernia is symptomatic what is possible?
Perforation and bleeding
What are the symptoms like with a hiatal hernia?
GERD-like esophagitis
What is a differential diagnosis with hiatal hernia symptoms?
Angina pectoris
GERD
This is a complication of chronic GERD.
Barrett esophagus
Characterized by intestinal metaplasia within the esophageal squamous mucosa.
Barrett esophagus
What percentage of symptomatic GERD patients will get Barrett esophagus?
10%
Who is at risk for Barrett esophagus?
Males (4x), 40-60 years
Caucasians, obese, family history
