Chapter 14. - Oral Cavity - Part 5

Question 1

What is the MC esophageal laceration?

Answer 1

Mallory-Weiss tear

Question 2

Mallory-Weiss tear aka

Answer 2

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Question 3

Mallory-Weiss tears are MC associate with what?

Answer 3

Forceful vomiting

Question 4

The forceful vomiting with Mallory-Weiss syndrome usually occurs with what?

Answer 4

Acute alcohol intoxication

Question 5

What else can cause Mallory-Weiss syndrome?

Answer 5

Acute illness

bulimia

Question 6

The forceful vomiting causes what to happen?

Answer 6

Inadequate LES relaxation which leads to longitudinal esophageal tears

Question 7

Where does the Mallory-Weiss tear usually happen?

Answer 7

Cross gastroesophageal junction

Question 8

Besides vomiting what else happens with Mallory-Weiss tears?

Answer 8

hematemesis (50% of upper G. I. bleeds)

Question 9

What is hematemesis?

Answer 9

Coughing up/vomiting blood

Question 10

Beside Mallory-Weiss, what else can cause esophageal lacerations?

Answer 10

Trauma, severe coughing/vomiting, or primal scream therapy

Question 11

What are some treatment for esophageal lacerations

Answer 11

May self resolve
vasoconstrictive meds
transfusions for hemorrhage
BALLON TAMPONADE

Question 12

What are causes of hiatal hernia?

Answer 12

Congenital
Acquired
idiopathic

Question 13

Widening of the diaphragm and stomach protrudes into the thorax. Called?

Answer 13

Hiatal hernia

Question 14

What are the two types of hiatal hernia?

Answer 14

Axial

Non-axial

Question 15

Where does the stomach protrude through specifically?

Answer 15

Esophageal haitus

Question 16

Axial hiatal hernia aka

Answer 16

sliding

Question 17

Non-axial hiatal hernia aka

Answer 17

rolling

Question 18

Which type of hiatal hernia is MC? What percentage?

Answer 18

Axial

95%

Question 19

What is the shape of the dilation in axial hiatal hernia?

Answer 19

“bell - shaped”

Question 20

A separate portion of the stomach protrudes in this hiatal hernia.

Answer 20

non-axial

Question 21

This type of hiatal hernia is prone to strangulation or obstruction.

Answer 21

non-axial

Question 22

What is the most frequent cause of esophagitis and the most common outpatient gastrointestinal diagnosis in the US?

Answer 22

GERD

Question 23

Are hiatal hernias common? What percentage of adults have?

Answer 23

Yes, 20%

Question 24

What percentage of adults over 70 have hiatal hernias?

Answer 24

70%

Question 25

What percentage of hiatal hernias are asymptomatic?

Answer 25

90%

Question 26

When hiatal hernia is symptomatic, what type is it usually?

Answer 26

non-axial

Question 27

When hiatal hernia is symptomatic what is possible?

Answer 27

Perforation and bleeding

Question 28

What are the symptoms like with a hiatal hernia?

Answer 28

GERD-like esophagitis

Question 29

What is a differential diagnosis with hiatal hernia symptoms?

Answer 29

Angina pectoris

GERD

Question 30

This is a complication of chronic GERD.

Answer 30

Barrett esophagus

Question 31

Characterized by intestinal metaplasia within the esophageal squamous mucosa.

Answer 31

Barrett esophagus

Question 32

What percentage of symptomatic GERD patients will get Barrett esophagus?

Answer 32

10%

Question 33

Who is at risk for Barrett esophagus?

Answer 33

Males (4x), 40-60 years

Caucasians, obese, family history