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Systems Pathology II - Exam 1 > Chapter 14 - Oral Cavity - Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Oral Cavity - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are two types of oral proliferative lesions?

A

fibroma

Pyrogenic granuloma

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2
Q

Where do fibroma MC occur?

A

buccal mucosa along the bite line

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3
Q

These are a submucosa modular fibrous tissue mass .

A

fibroma

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4
Q

How do fibroma’s occur?

A

Chronic irritation

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5
Q

The chronic irritation (in fibroma’s) lead to what?

A

Reactive connective tissue hyperplasia (modular mass)/fibrosis

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6
Q

This is a vascular mass on the gingiva.

A

Pyogenic granuloma

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7
Q

Is the pyrogenic granuloma benign or CA?

A

benign

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8
Q

What color is the pyrogenic granuloma? (Why?)

A

Red/purple

richly vascular

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9
Q

What population does this occur most commonly in?

A

Pregnant women (and children)

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10
Q

Pyogenic granuloma aka

A

Pregnancy tumor

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11
Q

Is a pyogenic granuloma slow or fast growing?

A

Rapid growth

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12
Q

What is the treatment for pyogenic granuloma?

A

remove irritant or excision

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13
Q

A dense proliferation of immature vessels similar to that seen in granulation tissue describes:

A

Pyogenic granuloma

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14
Q

A raised white patch that can’t be scraped off:

A

leukoplakia

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15
Q

Leukoplakia affects what percentage of the population?

A

3%

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16
Q

Who is affected more by leukoplakia and what age group?

A

Males (2x’s)

40-70 years old

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17
Q

5-25% of leukoplakia are what?

A

premalignant/precancerous

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18
Q

What type of CA can leukoplakia develop into?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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19
Q

What is the most common risk factor for leukoplakia and erythroplakia?

A

Tobacco use

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20
Q

What causes the white patch in leukoplakia?

A

dysplasia, epithelial hyperplasia and keratosis

21
Q

What is the difference between leukoplakia and oral candidiasis?

A

Oral candidiasis can be scraped off, leukoplakia CANNOT be scraped off.

22
Q

What are 3 leukoplakia-like conditions?

A

Erythroplakia
Hairy leukoplakia
verrucous leukoplakia

23
Q

What percentage of erythroplakia lead to CA?

A

50%!

24
Q

What does erythroplakia look like?

A

Red, velvety area with irregular borders

25
Q

What is the risk for erythroplakia?

A

Tobacco use

26
Q

What causes hairy leukoplakia?

A

EBV (Epstein Barr virus) + immunosuppression (AIDS)

27
Q

EBV also causes?

A

mono

28
Q

What causes verrucous leukoplakia?

A

HPV infection

29
Q

What does verrucous leukoplakia look like?

A

Warty appearance

30
Q

Verrucous leukoplakia, the cells are doing what?

A

hyperkeratosis

31
Q

Verrucous leukoplakia commonly progresses to what?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

32
Q

Oral cavity cancers are most likely in men or women?

A

men

33
Q

Oral cancer develops from dysplasia caused by mutations of what?

A

TP53 mutations

34
Q

What is the treatment of oral cancer?

A

excision

35
Q

95% or all oral cancer is what kind?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

36
Q

Are single or multiple tumors seen in oral cancer?

A

Multiple primary tumors

37
Q

What is the prognosis for oral cancer?

A

Poor

38
Q

What is the survival rate for oral cancer?

A
39
Q

What can improve the prognosis for oral cancer?

A

Early detection

40
Q

What are the risks for oral cancer?

A

Alcohol, tobacco, >30 years (usually 40’s/50’s) old, HPV -16

41
Q

SCC lesions usually resemble what?

A

leukoplakia (whitish-gray) or erythematous

42
Q

What are the 5 locations for SCC?

A
  1. Central (inferior) tongue
  2. Floor of mouth
  3. Lower lip
  4. Soft palate
  5. Gingiva
43
Q

SCC has _____ borders and possible ______.

A

Irregular,

ulceration

44
Q

The lesions of SCC are _____ plaque and ____.

A

Raised

firm

45
Q

SCC is a local invasion followed by metastasis to what areas?

A

Cervical nodes
mediastinal nodes
Lungs
liver

46
Q

What is the most common site of metastasis for SCC?

A

Cervical nodes

47
Q

SCC is most commonly associated with which virus?

A

HPV 16 (and 18)

48
Q

If the SCC is HPV-associated does it have a more favorable prognosis? If so, why?

A

Yes

Due to fewer mutations

49
Q

What are the HPV-associated SCC anatomic sites of origin?

A

Base of tongue
tonsillar crypts
(harder to see)

Systems Pathology II - Exam 1 (6 decks)

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