Chapter 14: Oceans

Question 1

Significance of the Ocean (5)

Answer 1

-transport of heat (thermohaline circulation
-Carbon and methane absorption
- Oxygen production
-World’s largest ecosystem with nearly a million species
-billions rely on ocean for food and livelihood

Question 2

3 Ocean issues

Answer 2

-Marine Pollution
-Overfishing
-Habitat Destruction

Question 3

4 Impacts of Marine Pollution

Answer 3

-Atmospheric Pollution: airborne pollutants combine with water vapor and return to surface. Fossil fuels cause higher CO2 absorption leading to acidification

-Bioaccumulation: pollutants that are stored in organs and tissue can accumulate in individual organisms over time

-Biomagnification: stored contaminants are retained in the food chain and accumulate in higher concentrations at higher trophic levels

-Eutrophication: An enrichment of water by nutrients that causes structural changes to the ecosystem.

Question 4

8 Methods of Fishing

Answer 4

-Pole and Line: one at a time
-Longline : trailed line behind boat
-Gillnet: wall of net
-Purse Seine:net surrounds fish then is drawn together
-Pots and traps: for crabs
-Pelagic trawl: cone dragged through midwaters
-Bottom trawl: cone dragged just above seabed
-Dredging: rigid cone dragged along seabed

Question 5

2 Threats to Marine Habitats

Answer 5

-Climate change: increased sea temperature, storms and winds. Ocean acidification

-invasive species

Question 6

Solutions to Ocean issues

four

Answer 6

-Eliminate pollution: proper land disposal, agriculture regulation, circular economy

-Protect the Ocean: Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)

-Improve seafood management: aquaculture and mariculture

-Use ocean to provide energy: wind, tital, solar