Chapter 10: Reducing inequalities

Question 1

What are the 2 definitions of inequality?

Answer 1

Vertical: Poverty measured by income

Horizontal: Incorporates social factors. Based on sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, race, class, ethnicity and religion.

Question 2

5 Types of Inequality

Answer 2

-Race and Ethnicity
-Age
-Disability
-LGBTQ+
-Urban-Rural

Question 3

How is inequality measured?

6

Answer 3

-national census
-word bank poverty threshold
-human development index
-global multidimensional poverty index
-gender inequality index
-gini index

Question 4

What is the Gini index/coefficient?

Answer 4

-scale of 0 to 1 with 1 = complete inequality

-Is used to measure many “inequalities” such as income mobility, education, health

Measures inequality in a country

Question 5

Solutions to reduce inequality

three

Answer 5

-Increase investment in rural development: provide infrastructure so there is less push to move

-Eliminate discrimination: repeal discriminatory laws, introduce policy/law requiring inclusion of people who are marginalized

-Redistribute wealth: higher taxes on rich, free tuition, universal healthcare