Chapter 14 - Non-Communicable Diseases

Question 1

Definition of a non-communicable disease

Answer 1

• long duration
• slow onset
• chronic
• not transmitted from person to person

Question 2

4 main types of non-communicable diseases

Answer 2

1. cardiovascular diseases
2. cancer
3. chronic respiratory diseases
4. diabetes

Question 3

3 types of risk factor

Answer 3

1. relative risk
2. fraction if incidences occurring in a group having being exposed to the risk factor
3. increase in incidence in exposed group

Question 4

what is a risk factor?

Answer 4

any variable that is associated with an increased risk of disease or infection

Question 5

3 risk groups

Answer 5

1. conditions
2. behaviour
3. hereditary

Question 6

how to calculate % change in mortality rate

Answer 6

= (difference in mortality cases / original mortality number) x 100

Question 7

how to calculate expected number of global deaths due to NCD

Answer 7

A = P x (1+r)^n

Question 8

Risk factors for stroke

Answer 8

• increased age
• high cholesterol
• excessive salt intake
• physical inactivity
• sickle cell disease

Question 9

Risk factors for lung cancer

Answer 9

• chronic lung disease
• increased age
• smoking or passive smoking
• 1st degree member with lung cancer

Question 10

Risk factors for asthma

Answer 10

• having another allergic condition
• exposure to allergens
• being overweight
• having blood relative with asthma

Question 11

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes

Answer 11

• older than 45
• having gestational diabetes
• physically inactive
• overweight
• blood relative with diabetes
• certain ethnicities

Question 12

4 types of cancers

Answer 12

1. carcinomas
2. sarcomas
3. lymphomas
4. leukaemias

Question 13

describe benign tumours

Answer 13

• slow growing
• in one specific tissue
• cells don’t break off and spread

Question 14

describe malignant tumours

Answer 14

• grow rapidly
• very damaging
• cells break off and spread