Chapter 12 - Immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 different types of T lymphocyte?

A
  1. T helper cell
  2. T killer cell
  3. T memory cell
  4. T regulatory cell
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2
Q

What are the 3 different types of B lymphocyte?

A
  1. B effector cell
  2. Plasma cell
  3. B memory cell
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3
Q

Where are lymphocytes produced?

A

stem cells in the bone marrow of long bones and sternum.

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4
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A
  • small white blood cell
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5
Q

Where are the lymphocytes kept?

A

in lymph nodes

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6
Q

How do the lymphocytes travel around the body?

A

through the bloodstream

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7
Q

What is the site of maturation for T lymphocytes?

A

thymus gland

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8
Q

What is the site of maturation for B lymphocytes?

A

bone marrow

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9
Q

Function of T helper cells

A

have CD4 receptors on cell surface membrane - bind to receptors on APC
produce interleukins (type of cytokine) which:
- stimulate activity of B lymphocytes,
- stimulates the production of other types of T lymphocytes,
- attracts and stimulates macrophages to ingest pathogens.

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10
Q

Function of T killer cells

A

kill the infected host cell.
destroy pathogen carrying antigen.
produce perforin - makes holes in the cell surface membrane of pathogen.

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11
Q

Function of T memory cells

A

form part of immunological memory

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12
Q

Function of T regulatory cells

A

suppress the immune system (stops the production of Ig in B lymphocytes.)
stop immune response once the pathogen is eliminated
make sure body recognises self-antigens

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13
Q

Function of B effector cells

A

divide by mitosis to form plasma cell clones

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14
Q

function of plasma cells

A

produce antibodies

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15
Q

function of B memory cells

A

provide immunological memory

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16
Q

What is cell mediated immunity?

A

An immune responce that doesnt involve antibodies. Involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and the release of various cytokines.

17
Q

What happens in cell mediated immunity?

A
  1. macrophages and dendritic cells in lymph nodes engulf pathogens by exocitosis.
  2. They digest the pathogens by phagocytosis.
  3. Macrophages and dendritic cells process the antigens and become antigen presenting cells by exposing the antigens on their cell surface membrane.
  4. Receptors on some T helper cells are complementary to antigens on the antigen presenting cells.
  5. complementary ones bind to the APC = clonal selection.
  6. T helper cells are activated and produce interleukins
  7. these stimulate rapid mitosis for the t cells to form clones = clonal expansion