Chapter 14: Neurological Disorders

Question 1

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 1

A cerebrovascular accident caused by the rupture of a cerebral blood vessel

Question 2

Obstructive Stroke

Answer 2

A cerebrovascular accident caused by occlusion of a blood vessel

Question 3

ischemia

Answer 3

the interruption of the blood supply to a region of the body

Question 4

thrombus

Answer 4

A blood clot that forms within a blood vessel, which may occlude it

Question 5

embolus

Answer 5

a piece of matter that dislodges from its site of origin and occludes an artery; in the brain an embolus can lead to a stroke

Question 6

Penetrating Brain Injury

Answer 6

fractures the skull; damage can deprive parts of the brain of their normal blood supply & the accumulation of blood within the brain can cause further damage by exerting pressure within the brain

Question 7

Closed-hear injury

Answer 7

blow to brain = coup

brain recoils in opposite direction and smashes against opposite hemisphere (contrecoup)

Question 8

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 8

characteristic facial abnormalities and faulty brain development

Question 9

Penetrating Brain Injury

Answer 9

fractures the skull; damage can deprive parts of the brain of their normal blood supply & the accumulation of blood within the brain can cause further damage by exerting pressure within the brain

Question 10

Lewy Bodies

Answer 10

abnormal circular structures found within the cytoplasm

Question 11

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 11

characteristic facial abnormalities and faulty brain development

Question 12

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 12

near disappearance of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons; symptoms include muscular rigidity, slowness of movement, a resting tremor, and postural inability

Question 13

Lewy Bodies

Answer 13

abnormal circular structures found within the cytoplasm

Question 14

Huntington’s Disease

Answer 14

caused by degeneration of the caudate nucleus and putamen; symptoms include uncontrollable ones, especially jerky limb movements

Question 15

Huntingtin (htt)

Answer 15

protein, and if it contains an elongated stretch of glutamine then the disease is most likely present

Question 16

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 16

A degenerative brain disorder of unknown origin; causes progressive memory loss, motor deficits, and eventual death

Question 17

Amyloid plaques

Answer 17

extracellular deposits that consist of a dense core of a protein B-amyloid (AB)

Question 18

Neurofibrillary tangles

Answer 18

consist of dying neurons that contain intracellular accumulations of twisted filaments of hyperphosphorylated tau protein

Question 19

Tau Protein

Answer 19

a protein that normally serves as a component of microtubules, which provide the cell’s transport mechanisms

Question 20

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Answer 20

an autoimmune demyelinating disease; the normal transmission of neural messages through the demyelinated axons is interrupted

Question 21

Interferon B

Answer 21

a protein that modulates the responsiveness of the immune system

Question 22

Glatiramer acetate

Answer 22

mixture of synthetic peptides composed of random sequences of the amino acids tyrosine, glutamate, alanine, and lysine