Chapter 14: Neurological Disorders Flashcards
Hemorrhagic Stroke
A cerebrovascular accident caused by the rupture of a cerebral blood vessel
Obstructive Stroke
A cerebrovascular accident caused by occlusion of a blood vessel
ischemia
the interruption of the blood supply to a region of the body
thrombus
A blood clot that forms within a blood vessel, which may occlude it
embolus
a piece of matter that dislodges from its site of origin and occludes an artery; in the brain an embolus can lead to a stroke
Penetrating Brain Injury
fractures the skull; damage can deprive parts of the brain of their normal blood supply & the accumulation of blood within the brain can cause further damage by exerting pressure within the brain
Closed-hear injury
blow to brain = coup
brain recoils in opposite direction and smashes against opposite hemisphere (contrecoup)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
characteristic facial abnormalities and faulty brain development
Penetrating Brain Injury
fractures the skull; damage can deprive parts of the brain of their normal blood supply & the accumulation of blood within the brain can cause further damage by exerting pressure within the brain
Lewy Bodies
abnormal circular structures found within the cytoplasm
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
characteristic facial abnormalities and faulty brain development
Parkinson’s Disease
near disappearance of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons; symptoms include muscular rigidity, slowness of movement, a resting tremor, and postural inability
Lewy Bodies
abnormal circular structures found within the cytoplasm
Huntington’s Disease
caused by degeneration of the caudate nucleus and putamen; symptoms include uncontrollable ones, especially jerky limb movements
Huntingtin (htt)
protein, and if it contains an elongated stretch of glutamine then the disease is most likely present
Alzheimer’s Disease
A degenerative brain disorder of unknown origin; causes progressive memory loss, motor deficits, and eventual death
Amyloid plaques
extracellular deposits that consist of a dense core of a protein B-amyloid (AB)
Neurofibrillary tangles
consist of dying neurons that contain intracellular accumulations of twisted filaments of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
Tau Protein
a protein that normally serves as a component of microtubules, which provide the cell’s transport mechanisms
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
an autoimmune demyelinating disease; the normal transmission of neural messages through the demyelinated axons is interrupted
Interferon B
a protein that modulates the responsiveness of the immune system
Glatiramer acetate
mixture of synthetic peptides composed of random sequences of the amino acids tyrosine, glutamate, alanine, and lysine
