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Anatomy exam 5 > Chapter 14: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical components of CNS

A

brain, brainstem, spinal cord

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2
Q

Anatomical components of PNS

A

cranial & spinal nerves, ganglia

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3
Q

What does the CNS do?

A

command center of nervous system, integrates and processes nervous information

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4
Q

What does the PNS do?

A

project information to and receive information from CNS

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5
Q

Function of somatic sensory

A

transmits input from skin, fascia, joints and skeletal muscle

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6
Q

Function of visceral sensory

A

transmits input from viscera

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7
Q

Function of somatic motor

A

transmits voluntary output to skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Function of autonomic motor

A

transmits involuntary output to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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9
Q

Five characteristics of neurons

A
  1. high metabolic rate
  2. extreme longevity
  3. nonmitotic, cannot divide and produce
  4. excitable
  5. exhibit conductivity
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10
Q

Function of a neuron

A

generate and carry electrical signals

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11
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

receive input and transfer it to the cell body for processing

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12
Q

What does the soma do?

A

control center; responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses

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13
Q

What does the axon do?

A

pass signals on to other cells by releasing neurotransmitters

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14
Q

Function of glial cells

A

protect and help nourish neurons and provide supporting framework for all nervous tissue

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15
Q

Four types of glial cells?

A
  1. astrocytes
  2. microglial cells
  3. ependymal cells
  4. oligodendrocytes
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16
Q

Astrocyte appearance

A

large cell with numeral cell processes, connected to capillaries and neurons (end foot)

17
Q

Ependymal cell appearance

A

simple cuboidal epithelial cell with cilia

18
Q

Microglial cell appearance

A

small cell with slender branches from cell body

19
Q

Oligodendrocyte appearance

A

rounded, bulbous cell with slender cytoplasmic extensions

20
Q

Satellite cell appearance

A

flattened cell clustered around neuronal cell bodies in a ganglion

21
Q

Neurolemmocyte appearance

A

flattened cell wrapped around a portion of an axon in the PNS

22
Q

What is myelin?

A

surrounds axons, acts as electrical insulation so signal travels faster

23
Q

What is the name of the slightly expanded region at the tip of the terminal arborizations?

A

synaptic knobs

Anatomy exam 5 (6 decks)

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