Chapter 14 - Memory

Question 2

Memory

Answer 2

ability to recall or recognize previous experiences

• NOT a unitary phenomenon
  
  • permanent or erasable
  • limited or unlimited in capacity
  • conscious or unconscious

different brain regions underlie different memory types

Question 3

Memory Classification Based on Conscious Awareness

Answer 3

Explicit vs. Implicit Memory

Question 4

Explicit Memory

Answer 4

conscious memory for particular detail/event

Question 5

Implicit Memory

Answer 5

memory that influences thoughts/behaviors unconsciously

Question 6

Explicit Memory

→ (2) types

Answer 6

a) Semantic
b) Episodic

Question 7

EXPLICIT Memory

a) Semantic

Answer 7

facts/knowledge

Question 8

EXPLICIT Memory

b) Episodic

Answer 8

life events

• linked to time periods*
• personal role/involvement*
• emotional state*

Question 9

Amnesia

Answer 9

refers to loss of explicit memories

Question 10

Explicit Memory Impairments (2)

Answer 10

a) RETROGRADE Amnesia
b) ANTEROGRADE Amnesia

Question 11

EXPLICIT MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS

a) RETROGRADE Amnesia

Answer 11

lack of explicit memories for info PRIOR to onset

mostly episodic, some semantic (with ↑ damage)

Question 12

EXPLICIT MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS

b) ANTEROGRADE Amnesia

Answer 12

Inability to form new explicit memories after onset

experienced 1st in Alzheimers

Question 13

Implicit Memory

(2) types

Answer 13

a) Procedural
b) Implicit (Nonprocedural)

Question 14

IMPLICIT MEMORY

a) Procedural

Answer 14

how to do something

“muscle memory”

Question 15

IMPLICIT MEMORY

b) Implicit (Nonprocedural)
* demonstrated by?

Answer 15

memory for fact/thing BUT not aware or able to access consciously

• demonstrated by relearning & priming tasks

Question 16

Memory Classification Based on Duration

Answer 16

Short-Term Memory

Long-Term Memory

Question 17

Duration of:

Short-Term Memory

Long-Term Memory

Answer 17

ST: secs → mins

LT: indefinite

Question 18

Dissociating Memory Circuits

Answer 18

no single place in brain identified as location of memory/learning (formation/storage/recall)

Question 19

Henry Molaison

Answer 19

bilateral medial-temporal lobe lesion to relieve epilepsy

→ Anterograde Amnesia

• inability to form new EM’s

✓ STMs

✓ new IM’s

Question 20

JK

Answer 20

Parkinson’s in mid-70s → memory problems

• damage to substantia nigra of Basal Ganglia

x IM → procedural memory

✓ old/new explicit LTMs

✓ STMs

Question 21

Neural Systems Underlying Memories

→ EXPLICIT MEMORY

Answer 21

info processing & storage → cortices

memory formation & consolidation

→ temporal-lobe structures - LTM formation

• perirhinal (object) & parahippocampal (spatial) → entorhinal cortex (integration)

→ hippocampus - consolidation

→ (WM & episodic storage) prefrontal cortex ↔ medial thalamus

Question 22

Neural Systems Underlying Memories

Explicit Memory → Short-Term

Answer 22

info processing & storage → cortices

prefrontal cortex - working memory & episodic memory storage

Question 23

Temporal-Lobe Structures

Answer 23

central to LT explicit memory formation

perirhinal (object, what?)

parahippocampal (spatial, where?)

→ enterorhinal cortex

Question 24

Neural Systems Underlying Memories

→ Implicit Memory - NONPROCEDURAL

Answer 24

info processing & storage

→ cortices

memory formation → temporal-lobe structures

consolidation → hippocampus

prefrontal cortex NOT involved

Question 25

Neural Systems Underlying Memories

→ Procedural Implicit Memory

Answer 25

processing → neocortex

formation → basal ganglia

ventral thalamus → pre-motor cortex

basal ganglia involved in complex motor tasks

cerebellum involved in simple/reflexive sensory-motor tasks