Chapter 14 - Medication Information Flashcards
What is absorption?
process by which a drug moves from the site of administration into systemic circulation
What is an agonist?
drug that produces a specific action and promotes the desired result
What is an allergen?
substance to which a sensitivity has been established
What is an allergic reaction?
occurs when a patient is sensitized to the initial dose and develops an allergic response to the allergen
What is an analgesic, and what are some examples?
drugs that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness
opioid:
VICODIN - hydrocodone
PERCOCET - oxycodone
MS CONTIN - morphine
DEMEROL - meperidine
DILAUDID - hydromorphone
SUBLIMAZE - fentanyl
non-opioid:
NSAIDS
TYLENOL - acetaminophen
What is an anesthetic and what are some examples?
a drug that is capable of producing a complete or partial loss of feeling (anesthesia):
XYLOCAINE - lidocaine
What is an antagonist and what are some examples?
a drug that attaches to a receptor to prevent an agonist from acting:
ROMAZICON - flumazenil (counteracts effects of benzodiazepines)
NARCAN - naloxone (counteracts the effects of opiates)
What is an antidote?
a specific drug that treats a toxic effect
What is distribution?
means by which a drug travels from the bloodstream to the target tissue and site of action
What is a drug?
a substance used in diagnosis, treatment, disease prevention, or as a component of a medication
What is edema?
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces; swelling
What is efficacy?
the effectiveness of a drug
What is excretion?
the elimination of drugs from the body after they have been metabolized (kidneys, intestines, lungs, breast milk, exocrine glands)
What is a generic?
a name for a medication that identifies its chemical name or family
What does it mean for a reaction to be idiosyncratic?
patient overreacts, underreacts, or has an unusual reaction
What is a medication?
a substance prescribed for treatment that produces therapeutically useful effects
What is metabolism?
the process by which the body transforms drugs into an inactive form that can be excreted from the body (usually happens in the liver)
What is a metabolite?
a product of metabolism that can be excreted
What does it mean to metabolize something?
its composition is physically and chemically changed
What is a narcotic?
a substance that produces insensibility or stupor and may lead to physical dependence
What is an opiate?
a natural derivative of opium
What is an opioid?
a drug that acts similarly to morphine:
morphine
codeine
DEMEROL - meperidine
What are pharmacodynamics?
the study of the effects of drugs on the normal physiological functions of the body
What are pharmacokinetics?
the study of the way the body processes a drug, including the way it is absorbed, how it reaches the site of activity, how it is metabolized, and how it exits the body
What is potency?
the strength of a drug
What does it mean to be potent?
powerful
What is a sedative?
medication that induces a state of quiet, calmness, or sleepiness
barbiturates:
phenobarbital
What is a synergistic effect?
when two or more components work together to produce a combined, greater effect
What does it mean to be toxic?
poisonous (more likely to happen when dehydrated and unable to excrete)
What is toxicity?
the potential for a drug to do harm
What is a tranquilizer?
a drug that calms anxiety or agitation, ideally without decreasing consciousness
benzodiazepines:
ATIVAN - lorazepam
VALIUM - diazepam
VERSED - midazolam (amnesia and sedation)
What is a therapeutic effect?
action of a drug on specific cells that results in anticipated outcomes (when drug locks into receptor)
What medications can be used to treat allergic reactions?
BENADRYL - diphenhydramine
ADRENALIN - epinephrine
SOLU-MEDROL - methylprednisolone
What is an antimicrobial, and what are some examples?
includes antiseptics:
alcohol
BETADINE - iodine
antibiotics:
BACTRIM - smz/tmp
antibacterials, and antifungals
What is an anticonvulsant and what are some examples?
medication used to treat chronic seizure disorders:
DILANTIN - phenytoin
VALIUM - diazepam
What is an antiarrhythmic and what are some examples?
medication used to treat chronic cardiac arrhythmias:
PACERONE - amiodarone
QUINIDEX - quinidine
lidocaine
What is a paralytic agent and what are some examples?
a skeletal muscle relaxant that temporarily paralyzes all muscles - artificial respiration is necessary:
ANECTINE - succinylcholine
MIVACRON - mivacurium
metocurine
gallamine
What is a hypoglycemic agent and what are some examples?
drug used to control the level of glucose in the blood:
insulin
GLUCOTROL - sulfonylurea
GLUCOPHAGE - metformin
ELIQUIS - apixaban
PRADAXA - dabigatran
XARELTO - rivaroxaban
What is an antihypertensive and what are some examples?
a drug that reduces blood pressure
ace inhibitors:
CAPOTEN - captopril
VASOTEC - enalapril
PRINIVIL - lisinopril
beta-blockers:
INDERAL - propranolol
LOPRESSOR - metoprolol
A common side effect of an anticholinergic drug is:
A. nausea
B. dry mouth
C. bruising or spontaneous bleeding
D. constipation
B. dry mouth
Medications used to regulate blood glucose levels include insulin and metformin. These medications are classified as:
A. antiarrhythmics
B. anticonvulsants
C. analgesics
D. hypoglycemic agents
D. hypoglycemic agents
Opioid medications are prescribed for the purpose of:
A. alleviating pain
B. reversing the effects of opium
C. regulating heart rhythm
D. preventing infection
A. alleviating pain
The name given to a medication by the manufacturer is called its ______________ name.
A. chemical
B. proprietary
C. generic
D. common
B. proprietary
Narcan is an antagonist drug that may be given in cases of an overdose of a(n) __________________medication.
A. opiate
B. benzodiazepine
C. anticholinergic
D. hypoglycemic
A. opiate
The method by which drug metabolites are eliminated from the body is called:
A. absorption
B. assimilation
C. excretion
D. distribution
C. excretion
An idiosyncratic medication reaction is one that is:
A. additive
B. allergic
C. therapeutic
D. unusual
D. unusual
A common medication that is classed as both a tranquilizer and an anticonvulsant is:
A. meperidine
B. diphenhydramine
C. Betadine
D. diazepam
D. diazepam
The intended effect of succinylcholine chloride is: A. anesthesia
B. muscle paralysis
C. heart stimulation
D. sedation
B. muscle paralysis
Diphenhydramine is classified as a(n) _____________ medication.
A. antihistamine
B. analgesic
C. anticholinergic
D. ACE inhibitor
A. antihistamine
