Chapter 14 Medication Administration: Vital Vocabulary Flashcards
A sealed hub on a an administration set designed for sterile access to the IV fluid
access port
Tubing that connects to the IV bag port and the catheter to deliver IV fluid
administration set
Small glass containers that are sealed and the contents sterilized
ampules
The anterior aspect of the elbow
antecubital
A substance that prevents blood from clotting
anticoagulant
Chemicals used to cleanse an area before performing an invasive procedure, such as starting an IV line; not toxic to living tissues; examples include isopropyl alcohol and iodine
antiseptics
A method of cleansing used to prevent contamination of a site when you are performing an invasive procedure, such as starting an IV line
aseptic technique
Pertaining to the ear
aural
A special type of macrodrip administration set designed to facilitate rapid fluid replacement by manual infusion of multiple IV bags or IV-blood replacement combinations
blood tubing
A term used to describe “in one mass”; in medication administration, a single dose given by the intravenous or intraosseous route; may be a small or large quantity of the drug
bolus
A spring-loaded device that is used for inserting an intraosseous needle into the proximal tibia in adult and pediatric patients
Bone Injection Gun (BIG)
Between the cheeks and gums
buccal
A rigid, hollow, venous cannulation device identified by its plastic “wings” that act as anchoring points for securing the catheter
butterfly catheter
The insertion of a catheter, such as into a vein to allow for fluid flow
cannulation
Occurs when a needle is reinserted into the catheter, and it slices through the catheter, creating a free-floating segment
catheter shear
A scale for measuring temperature where water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees
Celsius scale
Solutions that contain molecules (usually proteins) that are too large to pass out of the capillary membranes and, therefore, remain in the vascular compartment
colloid solution
The total weight of a drug contained in a specific volume of liquid
concentration
The puncturing of an emergency care provider’s skin with a needle or catheter that was used on a patient
contaminated stick
Solutions of dissolved crystals (for example, salts or sugars) in water; contain compounds that quickly dissociate in solution
crystalloid solutions
An intravenous solution made up of 5% dextrose in water
D5W
Depletion of the body’s systemic fluid volume
dehydration
The amount of a drug that the physician orders for a patient; the drug order
desired dose
The shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
A solution (usually water or normal saline) used for diluting a medication
diluent
Chemicals used on nonliving objects to kill organisms; toxic to living tissues
disinfectants
Gentle downward or lateral traction on the skin
distal traction
The area of the administration set where fluid accumulates so that the tubing remains filled with fluid
drip chamber
Injecting sterile water or saline from one vial into another vial containing a powdered form of the drug
drug reconstitution
A fluid solution, possibly containing supplemental medications, that can be administered rectally to aid in a variety of gastrointestinal complications
enema
Medication administration that involves the medication passing through a portion of the gastrointestinal tract
enteral medications
The growth plate of a bone; a major site of bone development during childhood
epiphyseal plate
The ends of a long bone
epiphyses
Large neck vein that is lateral to the carotid artery
external jugular (EJ) vein
A handheld, battery-powered driver to which a special intraosseous needle is attached; used for insertion of the intraosseous needle into the proximal tibia of children and adults
EZ-IO
A scale for measuring temperature where water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees
Fahrenheit scale
Manual sternal intraosseous devices used in patients age 12 and older; include an infusion tube, subcutaneous portal, an introducer, a target/ strain relief patch, and a protective dome
First Access for Shock Trauma (FAST) devices
The area of an IV catheter that fills with blood to help indicate when a vein is cannulated
flash chamber
Tubes that are commonly inserted in patients in the prehospital setting to decompress the stomach; can also be used to administer certain enteral medications
gastric tubes
The internal diameter of an IV catheter or needle
gauge
A unit of measure that indicates drops
gtt
An accumulation of blood in the tissues beneath the skin; a potential complication of IV therapy
hematoma
The body’s natural blood-clotting mechanism
hemostasis
A solution that has a greater concentration of sodium than does the cell; the increased osmotic pressure can draw out water from the cell and cause it to collapse
hypertonic solution
A solution that has a lower concentration of sodium than does the cell; the increased osmotic pressure lets water flow into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst
hypotonic solution
Devices that are implanted in surgery, sutured under the skin, for the purpose of long-term medication administration, total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, blood product administration, and venous blood sampling; an arteriovenous fistula is an example
implanted vascular access devices
The escape of fluid into the surrounding tissue; the result of vein perforation during intravenous cannulation
infiltration
A mechanical device that infuses a precise intravenous volume programmed by the clinician
infusion pump
Breathing into the lungs; a medication delivery route
inhalation
The layer of the dermis, just beneath the epidermis; a medication delivery route
intradermal
Into a muscle; a medication delivery route
intramuscular (IM)
Within the nose
intranasal
Within the bone
intraosseous (IO)
A technique of administering fluids, blood and blood products, and medications into the intraosseous space of a long bone, usually the proximal tibia
intraosseous infusion
The spongy cancellous bone of the epiphyses and the medullary cavity of the diaphysis, collectively
intraosseous space
Within a vein
intravenous (IV)
Cannulation of a vein with an IV catheter to access the patient’s vascular system
intravenous therapy
The amount of charged particles found in a particular area
ionic concentration
Intravenous solution that does not cause a fluid shift into or out of the cell; examples include normal saline and lactated Ringer solutions
isotonic crystalloid solutions
A solution that has the same concentration of sodium as does the cell. In this case, water does not shift, and no change in cell shape occurs
isotonic solution
A sterile isotonic crystalloid IV solution of specified amounts of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium lactate in water
lactated Ringer (LR) solution
Reactions that occur in a localized area; a potential complication of intravenous therapy
local reactions
Administration sets named for the large orifice between the piercing spike and the drip chamber; allow for rapid fluid flow into the vascular system; allow 10 or 15 gtt/ mL , depending on the manufacturer
macrodrip sets
A term applied to the practice of preventing contamination of the patient by using aseptic technique
medical asepsis
A pressurized canister that delivers a specific dose of a medication; commonly used for beta-agonist bronchodilators
metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
A decimal system based on tens for the measurement of length, weight, and volume
metric system
Administration sets named for the small needlelike orifice between the piercing spike and the drip chamber; allow for carefully controlled fluid flow and are ideally suited for medication administration; allow for 60 gtt/ mL
microdrip sets
A single vial divided into two compartments by a rubber stopper; methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol) is stored this way
Mix-o-Vial
A device that attaches to the end of a syringe that is used to spray (atomize) certain medications via the intranasal route
mucosal atomizer device (MAD)
A device for producing a fine spray or mist that is used to deliver inhaled medications
nebulizer
A spring-loaded device that contains neither drill nor battery, used for inserting an intraosseous needle into the proximal tibia of an adult patient
New Intraosseous (NIO) device
Devices that have been inserted by direct venipuncture through the skin directly into a selected vein, for the purpose of long-term medication administration, total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, and venous blood sampling; peripheral inserted central catheters and central venous catheters are examples
non-tunneling devices
A solution of 0.9% sodium chloride; an iosotonic crystalloid
normal saline
Blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel or IV catheter
occlusion
Pertaining to the eye
ocular
The ability to influence the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
osmolarity
A congenital bone disease that results in fragile bones
osteogenesis imperfecta
Inflammation of the bone and muscle caused by infection
osteomyelitis
An increase in the body’s systemic fluid volume
overhydration
A Teflon (plastic) catheter inserted over a hollow needle
over-the-needle catheter
A route of medication administration that involves any route other than the gastrointestinal tract
parenteral route
A type of surgical drain often used as a constricting band
Penrose drain
Through the skin or mucous membrane
percutaneous
A technique in which a cannula (tube) is inserted into veins of the peripheral areas, that is, veins that can be seen and/ or palpated. Examples or peripheral veins include those of the hand, arm, and lower extremity and the external jugular vein
peripheral vein cannulation
The hard, sharpened plastic spike on the end of the administration set designed to pierce the sterile membrane of the IV bag
piercing spike
Medication syringes that are prepackaged and prepared with a specific concentration
prefilled syringes
A sleeve that is placed around the IV bag and inflated to force fluid to flow from the IV bag and into the tubing
pressure infuser device
A blood clot or foreign matter trapped within the pulmonary circulation
pulmonary embolism
A reaction characterized by an abrupt temperature elevation (as high as 106 degrees F [41 degrees C]) with severe chills, backache, headache, weakness, nausea, and vomiting; a potential complication of intravenous or intraosseous therapy
pyrogenic reaction
Feature of an IV catheter (or any other object) that allows it to appear on a radiograph
radiopaque
Special types of IV devices that eliminate the need to hang a bag of IV fluid; also called a buff cap or INT (intermittent); commonly used for patients who do not require fluid boluses but may require medication therapy
saline locks
Any contaminated item that can cause injury; includes IV needles and catheters, broken ampules or vials, or anything else that can penetrate or lacerate the skin
sharps
The destruction of all living organisms; achieved by using heat, gas, or chemicals
sterile
Into the tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route
subcutaneous
Under the tongue; a medication delivery route
sublingual
A drug mixed in a firm base that melts at body temperature and is shaped to fit the rectum
suppository
Fainting; brief losses of consciousness caused by transiently inadequate blood flow to the brain
syncopal episodes
Reactions that affect systems of the body
systemic complications
The shifting of fluid into the tissues, creating edema
third spacing
Inflammation of a vein
thrombophlebitis
The visible scars from repeated cannulation of a vein; commonly associated with illicit drug use
track marks
Across the skin; a medication delivery route
transdermal
A solid boring needle
trocar
A cylindrical device that attaches to and 18- or 20- gauge sampling needle; accomodates self-sealing blood tubes when blood samples are being obtained
Vacutainer
Veins on the leg that are large, twisted, and ropelike and can cause pain, swelling, or itching
varicose veins
The development of a stationary blood clot in the venous circulation
venous thrombosis
Small glass or plastic bottles that contain medication; may contain single or multiple doses
vials
The amount of fluid you have on hand, such as the amount of fluid in an IV bag or the amount of fluid in a vial of medication
volume on hand
A special type of microdrip set that features a 100- or 200- mL calibrated drip chamber; used for fluid regulation in patients prone to circulatory overload, such as pediatric and older patients; also called a Buretrol
Volutrol
