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Med Terms > Chapter 14- GI system > Flashcards

Chapter 14- GI system Flashcards

1
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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2
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen

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3
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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4
Q

an/o

A

anus

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5
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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6
Q

bil/i

A

bile

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7
Q

chol/e

A

bile

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8
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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9
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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10
Q

col/o

A

colon

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11
Q

colon/o

A

colon

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12
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder or sac

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13
Q

dent/i

A

teeth

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14
Q

doch/o

A

duct

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15
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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16
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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17
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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18
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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19
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum

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20
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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21
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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22
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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23
Q

hepatic/o

A

liver

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24
Q

herni/o

A

hernia

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25
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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26
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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27
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum (empty)

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28
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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29
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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30
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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31
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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32
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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33
Q

phag/o

A

eat or swallow

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34
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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35
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus (gatekeeper)

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36
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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37
Q

sial/o

A

saliva

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38
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon (resembles s)

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39
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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40
Q

prefix -emesis

A

vomiting

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41
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite (orexia=appetite)

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42
Q

aphagia

A

inability to swallow

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43
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (ascos=bag)

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44
Q

buccal

A

in the cheek

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45
Q

constipation

A

infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass (constipo=to press together)

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46
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent loose or liquid stools

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47
Q

dyspepsia

A

indigestion (peptein= to digest)

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48
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulting in swallowing

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49
Q

eructation

A

belch

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50
Q

flatulence

A

gas in the stomach or intestines (flatus=a blowing)

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51
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath (halitus=breath)

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52
Q

hematochezia

A

red blood in the stool (chezo=defecate)

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53
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

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54
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

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55
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood

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56
Q

icterus

A

jaundice

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57
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (white of the eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood (jaundice=yellow)

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58
Q

melena

A

dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood

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59
Q

nausea

A

sick in the stomach

60
Q

steatorrhea

A

feces containing fat

61
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

62
Q

hypoglossal

A

under the tongue

63
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

64
Q

sialoadenitis

A

inflammation of a salivary gland

65
Q

parotitis (parotiditis)

A

inflammation of the parotid gland; also called mumps

66
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lip

67
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

68
Q

ankyloglossia

A

tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum (ankyl/o=crooked or stiff)

69
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

70
Q

esophageal varices

A

swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage

71
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

72
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

73
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, often as a result of abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter; causes burning pain in the esophagus

74
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

narrowed condition of the pylorus

75
Q

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria (pept/o=to digest)

76
Q

gastric ulcer

A

ulcer located in the stomach

77
Q

duodenal ulcer

A

ulcer located in the duodenum

78
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

79
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine

80
Q

ileitis

A

inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine

81
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the colon (large intestine)

82
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulcerations

83
Q

diverticulum

A

a by-way; an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract usually related to a lack of dietary fiber

84
Q

diverticulosis

A

presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the bowel

85
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of diverticula

86
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa

87
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

88
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of a part from its normal location

89
Q

hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the hiatal opening in the diaphragm

90
Q

inguinal hernia

A

protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region

91
Q

incarcerated hernia

A

hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction

92
Q

strangulated hernia

A

hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous

93
Q

umbilical hernia

A

protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus (navel)

94
Q

intussusception

A

prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part (intus=within; suscipiens= to take up)

95
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

96
Q

polyposis

A

multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high malignancy potential

97
Q

polyp

A

tumor on a stalk

98
Q

proctitis

A

inflammation of the rectum and anus

99
Q

anal fistula

A

abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum (fistula=pipe)

100
Q

hemorrhoid

A

swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois= a vein likely to bleed)

101
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

102
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

103
Q

Hepatitis A

A

infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water

104
Q

Hepatitis B

A

infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

105
Q

Hepatitis C

A

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexually)

106
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue, most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency (cirrho=yellow)

107
Q

cholangitis

A

inflammation of the bile ducts

108
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

109
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

110
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

presence of stones in the common bile duct

111
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

112
Q

bariatric surgery

A

treatment of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and/or intestines; procedures include restrictive techniques that limit the size of the stomach and malabsorptive techniques that limit the absorption of food (baros=weight, iatric= pertains to treatment)

113
Q

cheiloplasty

A

repair of the lip

114
Q

glossectomy

A

excision of all or part of the tongue

115
Q

glossorrhaphy

A

suture of the tongue

116
Q

esophagoplasty

A

repair of the esophagus

117
Q

gastrectomy

A

partial or complete removal of the stomach

118
Q

gastric resection

A

partial removal and repair of the stomach

119
Q

abdominocentesis

A

surgical puncture of abdomen

120
Q

paracentesis

A

puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid

121
Q

laparotomy

A

incision into the abdomen

122
Q

laparoscopic surgery

A

abdominal surgery using a laparoscope

123
Q

heriorrhaphy

A

surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ileal discharges; performed after removal of the colon

124
Q

hernioplasty

A

repair of a hernia

125
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon; performed to treat ulcerative colitis, cancer, or obstructions

126
Q

anastomosis

A

union of two hollow vessels; used in bowel surgery

127
Q

ileostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ileal discharges; performed after removal of the colon

128
Q

appendectomy

A

excision of a diseased appendix

129
Q

incidental appendectomy

A

removal of the appendix during abdominal surgery for another procedure

130
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of polyps

131
Q

proctoplasty

A

repair of the anus and rectum

132
Q

anal fistulectomy

A

excision of an anal fistula

133
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

excision of hemorrhoids

134
Q

hepatic lobectomy

A

excision of a lobe of the liver

135
Q

cholecystectomy

A

excision of the gallbladder

136
Q

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A

excision of the gallbladder through a laparoscope

137
Q

cholelithotomy

A

incision for removal of gallstones

138
Q

choledocholithotomy

A

incision of the common bile duct for extraction of gallstones

139
Q

cholelithotripsy

A

crushing of gallstones

140
Q

pancreatectomy

A

excision of the pancreas

141
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

142
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal refulx disease

143
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

144
Q

UGI

A

upper gastrointestinal

145
Q

LGI

A

lower gastrointestinal

146
Q

EGD

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

147
Q

NG

A

nasogastric

Med Terms (15 decks)

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