chapter 14- genetics Flashcards
what is the constancy of species
the incorrect assumption that when the world was created all species were there and have stayed there
what is the direct transmission of traits
the incorrect assumption that men’s sperm created the baby and once put into a woman the baby would grow
-women are simply carriers
gregor mendel
father of genetics
- worked with peas
- self fertilization
- cross fertilization
cross fertilization
- pure species (P1)
- crosses (F1) – brothers and sisters
- offspring reproduce (F2)
alleles
versions of genes (dominant or recessive)
locus
place on chromosome where gene is located
gene
DNA to make one protein
genotype
letters
-Tt
phenotype
what it looks like
-tall vs short
punnet squares
stats- what are the chances
mendel’s first law
law of segregation
mendel’s law of segregation
two genes separated and go to different offspring
mendel’s second law
the law of independent assortment
what is the law of independent assortment
when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together.
epstasis
the inability to score enzyme one when enzyme two is deleted
what is the lyon hypothesis
if you have two Xs one shrinks and becomes a Barr Body
Barr bodies
inactive X chromosomes
what are the sex chromosomes
XY
what is turner’s syndrome
monosomy X
- woman
- very short
- no pubic hair
- no period
- very box shaped body
- sterile
what is Klinefelter’s disease
XXY
- man
- narrow shoulders
- wider hips
- moobs
- sterile
trisomy 21
down syndrome
trisomy 13
patau syndrome
trisomy 18
edward’s syndrome
achondroplasia
dwarfism
- dominant gene
- prominent forehead
- short arms and legs
- curved spines
- decreased muscle tone
