chapter 14- genetics

Question 1

what is the constancy of species

Answer 1

the incorrect assumption that when the world was created all species were there and have stayed there

Question 2

what is the direct transmission of traits

Answer 2

the incorrect assumption that men’s sperm created the baby and once put into a woman the baby would grow
-women are simply carriers

Question 3

gregor mendel

Answer 3

father of genetics

• worked with peas
• self fertilization
• cross fertilization

Question 4

cross fertilization

Answer 4

1. pure species (P1)
2. crosses (F1) – brothers and sisters
3. offspring reproduce (F2)

Question 5

alleles

Answer 5

versions of genes (dominant or recessive)

Question 6

locus

Answer 6

place on chromosome where gene is located

Question 7

gene

Answer 7

DNA to make one protein

Question 8

genotype

Answer 8

letters

-Tt

Question 9

phenotype

Answer 9

what it looks like

-tall vs short

Question 10

punnet squares

Answer 10

stats- what are the chances

Question 11

mendel’s first law

Answer 11

law of segregation

Question 12

mendel’s law of segregation

Answer 12

two genes separated and go to different offspring

Question 13

mendel’s second law

Answer 13

the law of independent assortment

Question 14

what is the law of independent assortment

Answer 14

when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together.

Question 15

epstasis

Answer 15

the inability to score enzyme one when enzyme two is deleted

Question 16

what is the lyon hypothesis

Answer 16

if you have two Xs one shrinks and becomes a Barr Body

Question 17

Barr bodies

Answer 17

inactive X chromosomes

Question 18

what are the sex chromosomes

Answer 18

XY

Question 19

what is turner’s syndrome

Answer 19

monosomy X

• woman
• very short
• no pubic hair
• no period
• very box shaped body
• sterile

Question 20

what is Klinefelter’s disease

Answer 20

XXY

• man
• narrow shoulders
• wider hips
• moobs
• sterile

Question 21

trisomy 21

Answer 21

down syndrome

Question 22

trisomy 13

Answer 22

patau syndrome

Question 23

trisomy 18

Answer 23

edward’s syndrome

Question 24

achondroplasia

Answer 24

dwarfism

• dominant gene
• prominent forehead
• short arms and legs
• curved spines
• decreased muscle tone

Question 25

what is Tay Sachs disease

Answer 25

incurable brain deterioration

• recessive allele
• nonfunctional enzyme breaks down lysosomes in brain cells, killing them
• appeared for the first time in the Jewish community

Question 26

sickle cell anemia

Answer 26

• appeared for the first time in Africa
• recessive
• one missed amino acid causes the cells to lose their shape

Question 27

huntington’s disease

Answer 27

dominant

• symptoms don’t show until 30s and 40s
• gets severe Alzheimer’s symptoms and die within the year

Question 28

amniocentesis

Answer 28

• 8 to 10 weeks in pregnancy

- test amniotic fluid to see chromosomes of baby

Question 29

RFLP

Answer 29

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Question 30

Pleiotropic effect

Answer 30

one single gene controlling several traits which can lead to mutations

Question 31

cystic fibrosis

Answer 31

• clogged blood vessels
• sticky mucus
• salty sweat
• liver problems
• can’t breathe and can’t cough up the mucus