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AP Bio > biochemistry > Flashcards

biochemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

functional groups

A
  • hydroxyl group
  • carbonyl group
  • amino acid
  • sulfhydryl group
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2
Q

carbs

A

energy

C,H,O

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3
Q

lipids

A

store energy
fat
CHO

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4
Q

protein

A

building blocks

CHON

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5
Q

nucleic acid

A

instructions

CHONP

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6
Q

hydrolysis

A

adding water to break bonds

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7
Q

saccharides

A

sugar

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8
Q

monosaccharide

A

glucose
fructose
galactose

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9
Q

disaccharides

A

monosaccharides put together by taking out water

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10
Q

polysaccharides

A

starch

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11
Q

isomer

A

same molecules but different shape

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12
Q

transport sugars

A

sucrose
lactose
maltose

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13
Q

sucrose

A

glucose+fructose

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14
Q

lactose

A

galactose+glucose

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15
Q

maltose

A

glucose+glucose

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16
Q

BS Test

A

turns orange in monosaccharides

stays blue for disaccharides and polysaccharides

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17
Q

Iodine test

A

turns black in polysaccharides

stays amber in monosaccharides and disaccharides

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18
Q

HDL

A

high density liproproteins

19
Q

LDL

A

low density lipoproteins

20
Q

saturated fats

A

most animal fats
palm oil
coconut oil

21
Q

unsaturated fats

A

plant fats

22
Q

whats in stomach

A

HCl

pepsin

23
Q

pepsin

A

breaks down peptide bonds

24
Q

defense proteins

A

antibodies and white blood cells

25
Q

transport proteins

A

hemoglobin transports oxygen

26
Q

support proteins

A

cartilage

27
Q

motion proteins

A

muscles

28
Q

regulation

A

growth hormones

29
Q

amino acids

A

20 different variants

30
Q

antibody

A

marks proteins with an eat mean sign for the white blood cells to come and destroy

31
Q

levels of protein structure

A
  • primary= order of amino acids
  • secondary=hydrogen bond alpha helix(spirals)
  • tertiary= folds in on itself(zig zag)
  • quaternary= join with other chains
32
Q

chaperone proteins

A

helps proteins fold the wrong way

33
Q

chaperone protein diseases

A

mad cow disease

kuru kuru

34
Q

denaturation

A

temp
acids
salts
*if you add heat to a protein it falls apart

35
Q

DNA

A

double strand

AGCT

36
Q

RNA

A

single strand

AGCU

37
Q

ionic bonds

A

result from the transfer of electrons between atoms

38
Q

covalent bonds

A

result from electron sharing

39
Q

enzymes

A

organic catalysts that speed up metabolic reactions

40
Q

proteins are made up of __________

A

amino acids

41
Q

peptide

A

chain of several amino acids joined together

42
Q

biuret reagent

A

violet in protein

pink in peptides

43
Q

hydrocarbons

A

molecules w only hydrogen and carbon

AP Bio (12 decks)

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