Chapter 14 - Failover Clustering - Do I know this already? Flashcards
What parameter of the New-Cluster cmdlet allows you to specify DNS?
a. administrativeaccesspoint
b. resolver
c. adsource
d. nameserver
a. administrativeaccesspoint
What quorum witness type is new to Server 2016?
a. Disk
b. File Share
c. Cloud
d. Server
c. Cloud
What cmdlet lets you to move a cluster out of the Mixed-OS mode?
a. Update-ClusterFunctionalLevel
b. Update-Cluster
c. Update-OS-Mode
d. Update-OSMode
a. Update-ClusterFunctionalLevel
Which of the following is not a VM state in VM resiliency?
a. Test
b. Unmonitored
c. Isolated
d. Quarantined
a. Test
What cmdlet allows you to create a new CSV?
a. Update-ClusterSharedVolume
b. Create-ClusterSharedVolume
c. New-ClusterSharedVolume
d. Add-ClusterSharedVolume
d. Add-ClusterSharedVolume
Which of the following is not a requirement for a Scale-Out File Server?
a. Shared storage
b. Proper Failover Clustering configuration
c. 32 GB or RAM per node
d. Failover Clustering feature installation
c. 32 GB or RAM per node
What are Nodes in Windows Server terms?
Members of a failover cluster.
What is a Cluster Name Object (CNO)?
An object for the cluster in Active Directory.
What is a Quorum in Windows Server terms?
A method of preventing a split-brain cluster.
What is a Witness in Windows server terms?
A device that acts as a tie-breaker in a quorum.
What is Cluster-Aware Updating (CAU)?
Windows Update technology for clusters.
What is a Rolling Upgrade?
An update of the OS in machines of a cluster on a gradual basis.
What is CSVFS?
A pseudo file system that sits on top of NTFS in a Clustered Shared Volume (CSV).
What is Scale-Out File Server (SoFS)?
A clustered role that provides highly available storage for applications.
Name at least four requirements for successful failover clustering.
- Identical hardware and configuration on nodes; network adapters with identical configurations
- Certified for Windows Server 2016 logos; same OS versions and editions and updates
- separate networks for various traffic forms recommended
- redundant networking equipment recommended
What cmdlet in PowerShell creates a new cluster?
New-Cluster
Name three clustered storage pools requirements.
Minimum of three disks, 4 GB each, and SAS or iSCSI
Name at least four usage scenarios for guest clusters.
- Node monitoring
- application migration
- host availability
- VM migration
- nested clustering
What are the requirements for failover clustering?
- Nodes of the cluster should be as identical in hardware configurations as possible; this includes items such as CPU number and type and memory installations.
- Network adapters in nodes should have identical configurations.
- For full Microsoft support, systems should feature the Certified for Windows Server 2016 logo.
- All nodes should run the same OS versions and edition and should have the same updates installed.
- Separate networks are recommended for cluster traffic as well as shared storage and management traffic.
- Redundant networking equipment should be considered to help eliminate single points of failure.
How do you create a multi-domain cluster?
Step 1. Create a local account: Specifically, create a local user account on every node, with the same user name and the same password; add the user to the local Administrators group; you can also use the built-in Administrator account as long as the password is the same on each node; if you do not use the Administrator account, you must set a registry key called LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy on every node
Step 2. Add DNS suffixes: Without Active Directory, a cluster must use DNS to locate the cluster nodes and the cluster itself. You need to specify a primary DNS suffix when assigning a name to each node in the System applet of Control Panel; for a multi-domain cluster, configure the Advanced TCP/IP Settings in every node with the DNS suffixes for all the domains represented in the cluster
Step 3. Create the workgroup or multi-domain cluster
How do you create a local account for a multi-domain cluster in powershell with administrative privileges ?
new-itemproperty -path hklm:\software\microsoft\ windows\currentversion\policies\system -name localaccounttokenfilterpolicy -value 1
How do you add DNS suffixes in Powershell?
Set- DnsClientGlobalSettings PowerShell cmdlet
How do you create a Create the workgroup or multi-domain cluster in Powershell?
use the New-Cluster cmdlet but include the AdministrativeAccessPoint parameter with the DNS value:
new-cluster -name mycluster1 -node server1,server2,server3 -administrativeaccesspoint dns
What are three types of Quorum Witness in multi-domain clustering?
- Disk witness
- File share witness
- Cloud witness
What is a Disk Witness?
This is a dedicated disk in the cluster’s shared storage that contains a copy of the cluster database. It is a common type for a cluster located at a single site
What is a File share witness?
This is an SMB file share on a Windows server with a Witness.log file containing information about the cluster. It is a common type for clusters divided among multiple sites with replicated storage.
What is a Cloud Witness?
This new choice in Windows Server 2016 is a blob stored in the cloud using standard Microsoft Azure services. This type is designed for stretched clusters split among multiple data centers at remote sites, where it is important to keep a witness that is independent of all the data centers.
What are some clustering network recommendations?
- Use separate network adapters to avoid the adapter card being a single point of failure.
- Use different vendors and makes of network adapters when possible to prevent driver issues from affecting multiple adapters.
- Use separate physical switches to prevent a switch from being a single point of failure.
- Create redundant network connections whenever possible, especially for the client communication network
- For networks without redundant connections, use NIC Teaming to provide failover capability in the event of a network adapter malfunction
How are networks assigned in clustering?
- Any network carrying iSCSI traffic is disabled for any cluster communication.
- Networks without a default gateway address are configured for cluster communications only.
- Networks with a default gateway address are configured for both client and cluster communication.
What are some reasons a single VM might lose contact with a cluster?
- The cluster service on the VM has shut down.
- There is a memory problem.
- There is a software problem.
- Network communication disrupts. There is a driver issue.
- There is an IP addressing issue.
- There is a damaged network cable.
- There is a disconnected network cable
What are some new VM states for resiliency?
- Unmonitored
- Isolated
- Quarantine
What are unmonitored VM states for resiliency?
Shows that the VM owning a role is not watched by the cluster service
What is an isolated VM state for resiliency?
Shows that the node is not an active member of the cluster but is still in possession of a role
What is a Quarantine VM state for resiliency?
Shows a node that has been drained of its roles and removed from the cluster for a specified length of time after having left and reentered the cluster three times in the previous hour
What settings can be adjusted for the way a cluster uses VM states?
- ResiliencyLevel
- ResiliencyDefaultPeriod
- ResiliencyPeriod
- QuarantineThreshold
- QuarantineDuration
What are the requirements for clustered storage?
- A minimum of three disks
- A minimum of 4 GB each
- Connection via SAS or iSCSI
How do you create a clustered storage pool?
Step 1. Launch Server Manager and select Tools > Failover Cluster Manager.
Step 2. In the left pane, right-click the Failover Cluster Manager node and choose Connect to Cluster if the cluster is not visible.
Step 3. In the left pane, double-click the cluster to expand its configuration nodes. Step 4. Double-click Storage in the left pane to expand its options,
Step 5. Right-click the Pools node under Storage and select New Storage Pool to launch the New Storage Pool Wizard.
Step 6. On the Specify a Storage Pool Name and Subsystem page, provide a name for the pool and select the primordial pool that contains the disks you require.
Step 7. On the Select Physical Disks for the Storage Pool page, choose the disks you want to add to the pool and specify each as either Automatic, Manual,or Hot Spare.
Step 8. Click Create
How do you create a Scale-Out File Server?
Step 1. Launch Server Manager and select Tools > Failover Cluster Manager.
Step 2. In the left pane, right-click the Failover Cluster Manager node and choose Connect to Cluster if the cluster is not visible.
Step 3. In the left pane, double-click the cluster to expand its configuration nodes.
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Step 4. Right-click the Roles node and choose Configure Role to launch the High Availability Wizard.
Step 5. On the File Server Type page, select the Scale-Out File Server for Application Data option and click Next.
Step 6. On the Client Access Point page, specify a name that clients use to access the role and click Next. The wizard creates an Active Directory Domain Services computer object using this name.
Step 7. Click Finish.
