Chapter 14 Factors Affecting Solvation

Question 1

Solvation

Answer 1

The process of surrounding salute particles with solvent particles to form a solution

Question 2

What’s the general rule to figure out if solvation will occur in a specific solvent?

Answer 2

“Like dissolves like”

Question 3

True or false

Water molecule are polar molecules and are in constant motion

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Why can oil spills be cleaned with a non polar solvent?

Answer 4

Because non polar solutes are more readily dissolved in no polar solvents

Question 5

Heat of solution

Answer 5

The overall energy change that occurs during the solution formation process.

Question 6

What are the 3 main ways to speed up solvation

Answer 6

Agitation, increasing the surface area, and increasing the temperature of the solvent

Question 7

Whats Agitation and how does it help solvation

Answer 7

Stirring or shaking

This helps move dissolved solute particles away from the contact surface more quickly which allows new collisions between solvent and solute particles to occur

Question 8

What role does surface are play in solvation

Answer 8

Breaking the solute into small peices increases its surface area.
This allows more collisions to occur

Question 9

How does temperature affect solvation?

Answer 9

More temperature speeds up the solvation process.

Ex. Sugar dissolves more quickly in hot tea

But decreases solvation for other substances like gas

Question 10

Unsaturated solution

Answer 10

A solution where more solute can be dissolved

Question 11

Saturated solution

Answer 11

Contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure

Question 12

True or false

Although Solute particles continue to dissolve and crystallize in solutions that reach equilibrium, the overall amount of dissolved solute in the solution remains constant

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Supersaturated solution

Answer 13

Contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature

Question 14

How are supersaturated solutions made?

Answer 14

A saturated solution is formed at a high temperature and then cooled slowly. The slow cooling allows the excess solute to remain dissolved in solution at the lower temperature

Question 15

Henry’s law

Answer 15

States that at a given temperature the solubility (s) of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure (p) of the gas above the liquid