Chapter 14: Disaster Management Flashcards
Disaster
any natural or human-made incident that causes disruption, destruction, and/or devastation requiring external assistance.
Disasters: Characteristics
- Range in size
- Are expensive (lives affected, property lost/damaged)
- Developing countries experience disproportionate burden from natural disasters
Types of Disasters
Natural disasters Human-made disasters Chemical Biological Radiologic Nuclear Explosive
Are there ways to prevent or manage how people and their communities respond to disasters?
Yes.
Although the number of disasters worldwide continues to grow,
The number of lives lost has decreased.
U.S. agencies, directives and systems for Disasters
U.S. Department of Homeland Security National Preparedness Guidelines National Response Plan National Incident Management System Public Health and Medical Preparedness and the National Health Security Strategy
Disaster Management Cycle
- Prevention
- Preparedness
- Response
- Recovery
Disaster Management Cycle: Types of Preparedness
- Personal preparedness
- Professional preparedness
- Community Preparedness
Personal Preparedness
Personal checklist
Emergency supplies kit
ARC and FEMA
Professional Preparedness
Disaster medical assistance teams
Community Preparedness
National Health Security Strategy (NHSS)
Disaster and Mass Casualty Exercises
Role of the Nurse in Disaster Preparedness
- Help initiate or update the agency’s disaster plan
- Provide educational programs and materials regarding disasters specific to the area.
- Organize disaster drills.
- Provide an updated record of vulnerable populations within the community.
- Review individual strategies.
Disaster Management Cycle: Response includes
National Response Framework Emergency Support Functions National Incident Management System Response to Bioterrorism International Relief Efforts Psychological Stress of Disaster Workers
How do disasters affect communities?
- physical and emotional effects
- stress reactions in individuals
- stress reactions in the community
Physical and Emotional Effects of disasters depend on
Type, cause, and location
Magnitude and extent of disaster
Duration of disaster
Amount of warning
Stress Reactions in the community include
Heroic
Honeymoon
Disillusionment
Reconstruction
Role of the Nurse in Disaster Response
- Advocate
- Assessment
- Understand what community resources are available
- Often first responder
The role of the nurse in a disaster response depends on
nurse’s experience, professional role in a community disaster plan, specialty training, and special interest
Role of the Nurse in Disaster Response: Often First Responder
Case finding and referring Prevention Health education Surveillance Triage
What are the responsibilities of nurses working in shelters?
- Provide assessments and referrals.
- Meet health care needs, such as helping clients get prescription glasses, medications, first aid, and appropriate diet adjustments.
- Keep client records.
- Ensure emergency communications.
- Provide a safe environment.
Disaster Management Cycle: Recovery
- Recovery is about returning to the new normal with the goal of reaching a level of organization that is as near the level prior to the disaster as is possible.
- Often the hardest part of the disaster.
Recovery occurs as
all involved agencies pull together to restore the economic and civic life of the community.
Role of the Nurse in Disaster Recovery
- Teach proper hygiene and make sure immunization records are current.
- Make referrals to mental health professionals.
- Be alert for environmental hazards.
- Assess dangers of live or dead animals.
- Case finding and referral
Future of Disaster Management
Continue to plan and train in all-hazards environment, regardless of specialty practice.
The nature of disasters will retain the element of unpredictability. That unpredictability and the medical and public health surge requirements in a disaster make prevention and preparedness activities on the part of individual and communities
even more important.
