Chapter 11: Using Health Education And Groups In The Community

Question 1

Typical Steps in Developing a Health Education Program

Answer 1

1. Identify a population-specific learning need for the community health client.
2. Select one or more learning theories to use in the education program.
3. Consider which educational principles are most likely to increase learning and choose those that are most appropriate and feasible.
4. Examine educational issues.
5. Design and implement the educational program using carefully chosen strategies.
6. Evaluate the effects of the educational program.

Question 2

Learners accept information based on a range of factors including:

Answer 2

What they already know
What they believe
The culture in which they were raised
Their generational experiences related to learning
How well they can understand and relate to information that they receive

Question 3

Three Education Principles

Answer 3

1. Nature of Learning
2. The Educational Process
3. The skills of effective educators

Question 4

One way to think about the nature of learning is to examine

Answer 4

the cognitive (thinking), affective (feeling), and psychomotor (acting) domains of learning.

Question 5

Each domain of learning has

Answer 5

specific behavioral components that form a hierarchy of steps, or levels.
Each level builds on the previous one.

Question 6

The Educational Process

Answer 6

Identify education needs.
Establish educational goals and objectives.
Select appropriate educational models.
Implement the educational plan.
Evaluate the educational process.

Question 7

Skills of an Effective Educator

Answer 7

Gain attention.
Inform the learner of the objectives of instruction.
Stimulate recall of prior learning.
Present the material.
Provide learning guidance.
Elicit performance.
Provide feedback.
Assess performance.
Enhance retention and transfer of knowledge.

Question 8

Motivational Interviewing

Answer 8

A tool designed to help clients verbalize their own motivations to change
Collaborative partnership

Question 9

Motivational Interviewing has four essential steps

Answer 9

1. Engaging: which includes person-centered
2. Empathic listening
3. Guiding: which includes a particular identified target for change
4. Evoking of the client’s own motivations for change and finally planning

Question 10

Change Talk

Answer 10

“DARN-CAT”

Question 11

DARN-CAT

Answer 11

Desire (I want to change)
Ability (I can change)
Reason (It’s important to change)
Need (I should change)
Commitment (I will make changes)
Activation (I am ready, prepared, willing to change)
Taking steps (I am taking actions to change)

Question 12

Developing Effective Health Education Programs

Answer 12

1. Message. Sending a clear message to the learner
2. Format. Selecting the most appropriate learning format
3. Environment. Creating the best possible learning environment
4. Experience. Organizing positive and meaningful learning experiences
5. Participation. Engaging the learner in participatory learning
6. Evaluation. Evaluating and giving objective feedback to the learner

Question 13

Educational Issues

Answer 13

Population considerations: Age, Culture, Ethnicity
Pedagogy
Andragogy

Question 14

Educator-related barriers

Answer 14

Fear of public speaking
Lack of credibility with respect to topic
Limited professional experiences related to topic
Unable to deal with difficult people
Lack of knowledge about gaining participation
Lack of experience in timing presentation
Uncertain how to adjust instruction
Uncomfortable when learners ask questions
Doesn’t get feedback from learners
Not prepared for use of media equipment
Has difficulty with opening and closings
Overly dependent on notes

Question 15

Learner-related barriers

Answer 15

Low literacy: Health literacy

Lack of motivation to learn

Question 16

Motivation is influenced by 3 factors

Answer 16

The value component (Why am I learning this?)
The expectancy component (Can I do this?)
The affective component (How do I feel about this?)

Question 17

Technologies in Health Education may

Answer 17

Enable the learner to control the pace of instruction
Offer flexibility in the time and location of learning
Be engaging
Provide immediate feedback
Be more consistent with how the learner prefers to receive other kinds of information

Question 18

Criteria for Assessing Quality of Internet Health Information

Answer 18

Authorship
Caveats
Content
Credibility
Currency
Design
Disclosure
Interactivity
Links

Question 19

Evaluating the Educational Process

Answer 19

Evaluate the educator
Process evaluation
Evaluate the educational product
Evaluate health and behavioral changes: Long-term evaluation

Question 20

Groups

Answer 20

are an effective and powerful medium to initiate and implement changes for individuals, families, organizations, and the community.

Question 21

Key elements of a group

Answer 21

Member interaction

Group purpose

Question 22

Promoting Health Through Group Education

Answer 22

Health behavior is influenced by the groups to which people belong.
Groups who will support an individual’s health changes are unavailable to some people because of their social or emotional isolation. 
Choosing groups for health change
Established groups
Selected membership groups
Beginning interactions
Conflict
Strategies for change
Evaluation of group progress