Chapter 14-Chromosomes & Human Genetics

Question 0

Linkage can be disrupted by what?

Answer 0

Crossing over

Question 1

Linkage

Answer 1

Genes on the same chromosome transmitting together in inheritance

Question 2

Crossing over

Answer 2

An exchange of parts of homologous chromosomes (prophase l)

Question 3

Crossing over results in what?

Answer 3

Genetic Recombination

Question 4

Linkage group

Answer 4

A large number of linked genes on a specific chromosome

Question 5

Genetic recombination

Answer 5

Combination of alleles that were not present in the parental cell

Question 6

Changes in chromosome structure can lead to what?

Answer 6

Genetic abnormalities or disorders

Question 7

Wild-type

Answer 7

Most common form of alleles

Question 8

Less common form of an allele?

Answer 8

Mutant Allele

Question 9

How many autosomes do human somatic cells have?

Answer 9

Human somatic cells have 22 pairs

Question 10

Sex chromosomes determine what?

Answer 10

An individuals sex

Question 11

All humans have how many pairs of sex chromosomes?

Answer 11

1 pair

Question 12

An absence of a Y chromosomes results in what?

Answer 12

The formation of ovaries

Question 13

What governs the development of testes?

Answer 13

A gene on the Y chromosome

Question 14

What did Thomas Hunt Morgan discover?

Answer 14

Each gene has a specific location on a chromosome

Question 15

The probability that a crossover will disrupt a linkage between 2 genes at 2 different loci is directly proportional to what?

Answer 15

The distance that separates the 2 loci

Question 16

What is a Pedigree?

Answer 16

Chart of genetic connections

Question 17

Genetic abnormality

Answer 17

Traits that are not inherently life-threatening

Question 18

Genetic Disorder

Answer 18

Causes medical problems that may be severe

Question 19

Single genes on autosomes or sex chromosomes govern what?

Answer 19

More than 6,000 genetic abnormalities

Question 20

Polygenic

Answer 20

Human traits influenced by multiple genes.

Question 21

List the variations in single genes

Answer 21

• Autosomal dominant
• Autosomal recessive
• X linked recessive
• X linked dominant

Question 22

List the variations in a whole chromosome

Answer 22

-Changes in chromosome number & structure

Question 23

List the reasons mutations survive in populations.

Answer 23

• Reintroduction by new mutations
• Recessive alleles are masked in heterozygotes
• Heterozygotes have an advantage in their environment

Question 24

Autosomal Dominant Inheritance

Draw Punnet Square of a heterozygous parent and homozygous parent

Answer 24

At least one parent has to have a dominant allele (A) in order to have a 50/50 chance of the child being affected

Question 25

Autosomal Recessive Inheritance

Draw a Punnet Square of 2 heterozygous parents

Answer 25

Depending if the parents are a carrier of a recessive allele (a), they have a 25% chance their child will be affected (aa)

Question 26

List the 4 categories of chromosome aberration

Answer 26

• Deletion
• Duplication
• Inversion
• Translocation

Question 27

Nondisjunction

Answer 27

Causes changes in chromosomes number

Question 28

Aneuploidy

Answer 28

One extra or one less chromosome

Question 29

Polyploidy

Answer 29

Three or more of each chromosome