CHAPTER 14 CHEMISTRY

Question 1

Acids taste…

Answer 1

sour

Question 2

Bases taste…

Answer 2

bitter and feel slippery

Question 3

Acids produce…

Answer 3

hydrogen ions (H+)

in aqueous solutions

Question 4

Bases produce…

Answer 4

hydroxide ions (OH-)

in aqueous solutions

Question 5

What is the Arrhenius concept?

Answer 5

It’s the concept that acids produce hydrogen ions and bases produce hydroxide ions.

Question 6

In terms of the Bronsted-Lowry model…

Answer 6

An acid is a proton (H+) donor and a base is a proton acceptor

Question 7

If HCl donates a proton, is qualifies as a…

Answer 7

A Bronsted-Lowry acid

Question 8

What is Ka?

Answer 8

The acid dissociation constant.

Question 9

What is Kb?

Answer 9

The base dissociation constant

Question 10

The strength of an acid is defined by…

Answer 10

the equilibrium position of the dissociation reaction.

Question 11

A strong acids equilbrium lies…

Answer 11

far to the right.

Ka is large

Question 12

A weak acids equilibrium constant lies..

Answer 12

far to the left

Ka is small

Question 13

The common strong acids are…

Answer 13

1. H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)
2. HCl (hydrochloric acid)
3. HNO3 (nitric acid)
4. HClO4 (perchloric acid)

sulfuric acid is actually diprotic

Question 14

Water is an ___ substance.

Answer 14

amphoteric

Question 15

What is Kw?

Answer 15

The ionization constant for water.
Kw = 1x10^-14

Question 16

What are the formulas related to pH?

Answer 16

[H+] = 10^-pH
[OH-] = 10^-pOH
[H+][OH-]=1x10^-14 or kW
pH = -log [H+]
pOH = -log [OH-]
pH+pOH = 14

Question 17

What are the ratios of H+ and OH- in differet solutions?

Answer 17

A neutral solution: [H+]=[OH-]
An acidic solution: [H+]>[OH-]
A basic solution: [OH-]>[H+]

Question 18

What are the major species in HCl(aq)?

Answer 18

H+, Cl-, and H2O

Question 19

Find the pH of 1x10^-10 M of HCl.

Answer 19

The amount of HCl present is negligible, so we can assume that pH = 7, the pH of water.

Question 20

Find the pH of 0.10M of HNO3.

Answer 20

pH = 1

Question 21

find the pH of 1M of HF (ka = 7.2x10^-4)

Question 22

if ka>1…

Answer 22

its a strong acid

Question 23

if ka<1…

Answer 23

its a weak acid

Question 24

Some strong bases are:

Answer 24

LiOH
NaOH
KOH
RbOH
CsOH

Question 25

What types of acids are we to make an ICE table for?

Answer 25

Weak acids/base

Question 26

What’s the formula for percent dissociation?

Answer 26

amount dissociated (mol/L)/initial conc. (mol/L)

Also called percent ionization