CHAPTER 14 CHEMISTRY Flashcards
Acids taste…
sour
Bases taste…
bitter and feel slippery
Acids produce…
hydrogen ions (H+)
in aqueous solutions
Bases produce…
hydroxide ions (OH-)
in aqueous solutions
What is the Arrhenius concept?
It’s the concept that acids produce hydrogen ions and bases produce hydroxide ions.
In terms of the Bronsted-Lowry model…
An acid is a proton (H+) donor and a base is a proton acceptor
If HCl donates a proton, is qualifies as a…
A Bronsted-Lowry acid
What is Ka?
The acid dissociation constant.
What is Kb?
The base dissociation constant
The strength of an acid is defined by…
the equilibrium position of the dissociation reaction.
A strong acids equilbrium lies…
far to the right.
Ka is large
A weak acids equilibrium constant lies..
far to the left
Ka is small
The common strong acids are…
- H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)
- HCl (hydrochloric acid)
- HNO3 (nitric acid)
- HClO4 (perchloric acid)
sulfuric acid is actually diprotic
Water is an ___ substance.
amphoteric
What is Kw?
The ionization constant for water.
Kw = 1x10^-14
What are the formulas related to pH?
[H+] = 10^-pH
[OH-] = 10^-pOH
[H+][OH-]=1x10^-14 or kW
pH = -log [H+]
pOH = -log [OH-]
pH+pOH = 14
What are the ratios of H+ and OH- in differet solutions?
A neutral solution: [H+]=[OH-]
An acidic solution: [H+]>[OH-]
A basic solution: [OH-]>[H+]
What are the major species in HCl(aq)?
H+, Cl-, and H2O
Find the pH of 1x10^-10 M of HCl.
The amount of HCl present is negligible, so we can assume that pH = 7, the pH of water.
Find the pH of 0.10M of HNO3.
pH = 1
find the pH of 1M of HF (ka = 7.2x10^-4)
if ka>1…
its a strong acid
if ka<1…
its a weak acid
Some strong bases are:
LiOH
NaOH
KOH
RbOH
CsOH
What types of acids are we to make an ICE table for?
Weak acids/base
What’s the formula for percent dissociation?
amount dissociated (mol/L)/initial conc. (mol/L)
Also called percent ionization
