Chapter 14: Animal Reproduction and Development Flashcards
Asexual Reproduction
Produces offspring genetically identical to the parent. Certain advantages include reproduction without a mate, numerous offspring quickly, and cloned offspring.
Types of Asexual Reproduction
Budding, fragmentation, parthenogenesis, binary fission.
Sexual Reproduction
Creates variation and may be more fit to survive than either of its parents.
Male Reproductive System
Prostate gland: secretes semen into the urethra.
Leydig cells: creates testosterone.
Scrotum: holds the testes. The colder temperature enables sperm to survive.
Testes: the male gonads where sperm are produced.
Vas Deferens: carries sperm to the penis during ejaculation.
Female Reproductive System
Ovaries: where meiosis occurs.
Fallopian tubes: where fertilization occurs.
Endometrium: The lining of the uterus that thickens monthly in preparation for potential fertilization.
Vagina: birth canal where babies are delivered.
Menstrual Cycle
Follicular phase: follicles in the ovary grow and secrete estrogen.
Ovulation: secondary oocyte ruptures out of the ovary.
Lateal phase: thickening of the endometrium of the uterus.
Menstruation: the shedding of the lining of the uterus every month when the insemination of an embryo does not occur.
Spermatogenesis
Process of sperm production. Starts at puberty and continues. With LH, testosterone is produced. Each spermatogonium cell divides by mitosis, then undergo meiosis, which differentiate and move to epididymis to become mobile.
Diploid: spermatogonium cells, primary spermatocytes
Haploid: spermatid
Oogenesis
Production of an ova. Oogonium cell divides with mitosis and goes through meiosis I and II.
Diploid: Oogonium cell, primary oocytes.
Haploid: secondary oocyte.
Embryonic Development
Has three stages: cleavage, gastrulation, orangogenesis.
