Chapter 14 Flashcards by Oj Price

foam consists of fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with solvents to create a high boiling point

Aqueous film forming foam

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Low energy foam systems impart pressure on the foam solution with the use of the:

main fire pump

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proportioner used on large mobile apparatus installations, such as ARFF vehicles, and is one of the most accurate methods of foam proportioning?

Bypass-type balanced pressure proportioner

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nozzle allows firefighters the option of operating fixed flow, selective flow, or automatic flow when applying a low expansion, short duration foam blanket?

Fog nozzles

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released as fire fighting foam breaks down, providing a cooling effect on the fuel and suppressing the process of heat-producing oxidation

Water

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In order to produce fire fighting foam, what three items must be educted or injected in correct ratios

Foam concentrate, water, and air

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used to combat concealed space fires in cellars or other subterranean spaces?

High-expansion foam

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examples of polar solvent fuels requiring the use of special polymeric fire fighting foam

Alcohol and ketones

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Installed in-line eductors are most commonly used to proportion which class of foam

Class B

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what happens to regular protein foams

They degrade more quickly and are becoming increasingly rare.

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The formula of Class A form includes _____ that reduce the surface tension of water in the foam solution

hydrocarbon surfactants

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Both of the basic types of medium- and high-expansion foam generators produce foam containing

high air content

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In which of the following situations is it acceptable to mix together different manufacturers’ foam concentrates

If they are mil-spec concentrates

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common handline nozzle used for foam application

fog nozzle

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determined by the rate at which natural bacteria can degrade foam

Biodegradability

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What is the commonly used guideline for proportioning Class A foam for exposure protection with standard fog nozzles

0.5 to 1.0 percent concentrate

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explains why fuel and fire might consume a portion or the entire foam blanket

Inconsistent application time

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In which of the following ways are durable agents similar to Class A foam

Both products are used in a similar fashion

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What are the two basic types of medium- and high-expansion foam generators?

Water aspirating and mechanical blower

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Viscosity, or the thickness and ability of a liquid to flow freely, is MOST likely to be affected by:

temperature

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The act of mixing water with foam concentrate to form a foam solution is called

proportioning

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A smooth bore nozzle is limited to application of which classification of foam

Class A foam from a CAFS

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batch mixing

is potentially inaccurate

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limitation of CAFS

In the event of a hose burst, compressed air will intensify the reaction of the hoseline.

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Class B synthetic foam concentrate is made from:

a mixture of fluorosurfactants.

A type of in-line eductor that may be used to supply foam concentrate to a self-educting master stream foam nozzle is called a

jet ratio controller

Direct application is a method of attack that is BEST used with

Class A

designed to work in conjunction with proportioners to produce the best possible foam

Foam Nozzles

likely to affect the degree of expansion in a foam solution

Method of aeration

foam proportioner that is designed to be attached directly to the pump panel discharge or connected at some point in the hose lay

In-line foam eductors

variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners

consists of a variable speed mechanism driven electrically or hydraulically that operates a foam concentrate pump

What is the smallest type of foam storage container

Pails

Class A foam solutions do not retain their foaming properties when mixed in water for more than

24 hours

most common apparatus-mounted foam proportioner and consists of a small return (bypass) water line connected from the discharge side of the pump back to the intake side of the pump?

Around-the-pump proportioner

Which proportioning method uses premeasured portions of water and foam concentrate that are mixed in a container?

Premixing

In order to eliminate using pails or barrels to supply a foam eductor, fire apparatus equipped with onboard foam proportioning systems usually have _____ piped directly to the delivery system.

foam concentrate tanks

Regardless of the type of tank, what is one characteristic that all foam storage containers share

Airtight Storage

Because it forms a rigid coating that adheres well and is slow to drain, the best consistency of Class A foam for vertical surfaces is

Dry Foam

Which kind of nozzle inducts air into foam solution by a Venturi action and is the only nozzle that should be used with protein and fluoroprotein concentrates

Air-aspirating foam nozzles

Due to the low eduction rates on a CAFS apparatus, what is required to supply the fire stream at the rate of 0.1 to 1.0 percent

A variable flow rate sensing proportioner

is an element that affects the breakdown process of Class A foam?

Ambient air temperature

n some installed in-line eductor systems, a(an) _____ proportioner is installed to reduce the friction loss across the eductor.

bypass

What are Mil-Spec concentrates?

Foam concentrates manufactured to U.S. Military specifications

High-energy foam generating systems/CAFS differ from other methods because

they introduce compressed air into the foam solution prior to discharge into the hoseline.

described as the device that injects the correct amount of foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution

Foam proportioner

When using the batch mixing proportioning method, frothing can be avoided by

slowly circulating water in the tank

has a pickup tube that is located in the center bore of the nozzle and uses a modified Venturi design to draw concentrate into its water stream

Self-educting master stream foam nozzle

method for Class B foam application involves directing the foam onto a vertical surface and allowing it to run down and spread across pooled fuel product?

Bank-down method

The minimum amount of foam solution that must be used on a fire per minute per square foot (square meter) of fire is called the:

application rate

Why is it important to avoid direct application of Class A foam to natural bodies of water

It can harm aquatic life.

following operating guidelines must be followed to achieve properly proportioned finished foam?

The flow in gallons per minute (L/min) through the eductor must not exceed its rated capacity.

is true about the adequate and/or inadequate production of foam when an in-line proportioner is used?

A partially closed nozzle will result in a flow rate that will not allow the creation of a Venturi effect.

Which proportioning method uses an external pump to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the proper ratio in comparison to the flow?

Injection

is a disadvantage of durable agents

Once applied, surfaces coated with these products become very slippery for walking or driving

Driver/operators calculate the application rate available from a specific nozzle by:

dividing the flow rate by the area of the fire.

The process of foam decomposition results in the consumption of:

oxygen

For a portable foam application device, once foam concentrate and water have mixed to form a foam solution, the solution must be

aerated

Mixed with air

aerated

Mixed with water

proportion

3 things foam does

Separates Cools Suppresses

4 way foam is proportioned

Induction Injection Batch Mixing Premixing

4 way foam is stored and size

Pail - 5 gal Barrel 55 gal Tote 275 gal Apparatus Tank 20-200 gal

Foam tenders may carry up to

8000 gal of foam

Class A foam should avoid skin contact because is can be

corrosive

Common proportioning for Class A Foam

.2-.5 FIRE ATTACK with standard nozzles and CAFS .3-.7 with air aspirating nozzles .5-1 EXPOSURE protection with standard nozzles

Shelf life of Class A and B Foam

A - 20 yrs | B - 20-25 yrs

Foam which is safer for the environment

Protein Based Foams

Foam Expansion air/solution ratio for low, medium, high

Low- 20:1 Med - 20:1-200:1 High - 200:1- 1000:1

Alcohol resistive properties will be effective for approx.

15 minutes

Uses a modified venturi design, capable of delivering 14,000 gpm

Self-Educting Master Stream

3000 feet of supply 50ft of elevation 66.5 solution

Jet Ratio Controller

Medium and High Expansion ratios

20: 1 - 200:1 200: 1 - 1000:1

Standard rule that dictates the discharge orifice be no greater than

half the diameter of the hose

Only nozzle that can be used with fluoroproteins

Air-Aspirating Fogs

Fog Nozzle low expansion ration

2:1 - 4:1