Chapter 14 Flashcards
Kelvin (K)=
C+273
What does a change of 1 K = in C
1 C
0K=
Absolute 0. Where all particles have the minimum possible kinetic energy.
What does a bet transfer of thermal energy cause?
A change in temperature.
Energy Change=
mass x specific thermal capacity x change in temperature (K)
How would you work out the specific thermal capacity of an object?
- Heat the substance so that its temperature increases by 10K.
- Attach an ammeter and voltmeter to your electric heater and use W=VIt to find energy change.
- Rearage energy change equation to find the STC.
What are the three ideal gas laws called?
Boyle’s law, Charles’ law and the pressure law.
What is Boyle’s law?
Boyle’s law relates the volume of a gas to its pressure. At a constant temperature, the pressure p and volume V of a gas are inversely proportional.
What is Charles’ law?
Charles’ law relates the temperature of a gas to its volume. At constant pressure, the volume V of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature T.
What is the pressure law?
The pressure law relates the temperature of a gas to its pressure. At constant volume, the pressure p of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature T.
When does the ideal gas equation work well?
For gases at low pressure and fairly high temperatures.
What is the Avogadro constant?
The number of particles in one mole.
What is the Boltzmann constant?
Like the gas constant but for one particle of gas.
What is the gas constant (R)?
The result of combining all three gas laws.
What are the three main assumptions made in kinetic theory?
- Particles occupy a negligible volume compared with the volume of the container.
- Collisions between particles and/or walls are perfectly elastic.
- There are negligible forces between particles (except for when they collide.
What is a gas that obeys the three main assumptions made in kinetic theory called?
An ideal gas.
What is diffusion?
The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is the average velocity of all the particles in a gas?
0
How do you find the average speed of all the particles in a gas?
Squaring then square-rooting.
Pressure=
Force/Area
pV=
1/3Nm x (mean square speed)
What is Internal Energy?
The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles within a system.
Average kinetic energy per particle=
1/2m x (mean square speed)
Impluse=
FΔt = Δp
