Chapter 14

Question 1

art that originated in Rome and is associated with the Catholic Reformation, characterized by emotional intensity, strong self-confidence, spirit

Answer 1

Baroque Art

Question 2

• surrendered wealth to pursue austere lifestyle
• wrote “Pensees” (thoughts)
• believed reasons of the heart and a leap of faith could prevail in religious things
• better bet to believe in God than to not

Answer 2

Blaise Pascal

Question 3

• aided voltaire
• knowledge of math was more extensive so she helped him write
• translated “Principia”

Answer 3

Emilie du Châtelet

Question 4

• father of empiricism

- “The Advancement of Learning” and “Novum Organum”

Answer 4

Francis Bacon

Question 5

• used telescope to discover new things about the universe
• “Starry Messenger” and “Letters on Sunspots”
• Named Jupiter’s moons after the Medicis

Answer 5

Galileo Galilei

Question 6

earth centered universe

Answer 6

geocentric theory

Question 7

sun centered universe

Answer 7

heliocentric theory

Question 8

• discovered gravity

- “principia”

Answer 8

isaac Newton

Question 9

-assisstant to Brahe
-believed in Copernicism
believed heliocentric universe
-“The New Astronomy”

Answer 9

johannes kepler

Question 10

• wrote government treatises
• life, liberty, property
• “letter concerning toleration”
• religious toleration was key to salvation
• “Essay Concerning Human Understanding”

Answer 10

John Locke

Question 11

english naturalist

-used latin for naming

Answer 11

john ray

Question 12

• “Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy”
• “Grounds of Natural Philosophy”
• only woman allowed to visit a meeting of Royal Society of London

Answer 12

Margaret Cavendish

Answer 13

Maria Cunitz

Question 14

• part of huband and wife duo
• discovered comet
• applied for permission to work at the university her husband worked at but was denied

Answer 14

Maria Winkelmann

Question 15

• “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres”
• challenged Ptolemaic model
• heliocentrism

Answer 15

COpernicus

Question 16

• decorated ceiling of the Banqueting Hall

- leading painter of Catholic Reformation

Answer 16

Peter Paul Reubens

Question 17

• condemned gallileo

- commisoned and great tabernacle

Answer 17

Pope Urban VIII

Question 18

-rational deduction
-“Discourse”
-doubted everything except his own ability to think
“Meditations”
=induction

Answer 18

Rene Descartes

Question 19

• “Leviathan”
• pessimist
• humas are greedy naturally
• political contract to not be greedy
• justified absolutism

Answer 19

Thomas Hobbes

Question 20

• believed in geocentrism

- naked eye observations

Answer 20

Tycho Brahe