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psychology1000 > chapter 14 > Flashcards

chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychic energy?

A

generated by instinctual drives pressing for release

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2
Q

When is the ID present?

A

birth

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3
Q

How does the ID function

A

irrationally

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4
Q

What basic biological urges does the ID have?

A

eating, drinking and sex

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5
Q

What principle does it follow?

A

pleasure principle- maximize pleasure, minimize pain

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6
Q

What is the Primary Process Theory (ID)?

A

if needs can’t be met with reality, fantasy will meet them

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7
Q

When does the ego develop?

A

second

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8
Q

what’s the reality principle (ego)?

A

tests reality to decide when ID can safely discharge impulses

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9
Q

what is “executive of personality” (ego)?

A

must balance superego and ID

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10
Q

when does the superego develop?

A

last

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11
Q

What does superego decide?

A

if ego has been good or bad

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12
Q

How does superego control the ego?

A

pride and guilt

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13
Q

Three sources of anxiety in psychodynamic perspective:

A

reality- fear real world threats
neurotic- fear ID’s desires
moral- fear superego’s guilt

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14
Q

What are defines mechanisms?

A

deny/distort reality to deal with anxiety

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15
Q

What is the defence mechanism repression?

A

pushed to subconscious

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16
Q

What is the defence mechanism regression?

A

mentally returning to earlier, safer state (tug sucking and bed wetting)

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17
Q

What is the defence mechanism conversion?

A

conflict converted into physical symptom

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18
Q

What is the defence mechanism isolation?

A

memories allowed back into consciousness but without motives or emotion

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19
Q

What is the defence mechanism sublimation?

A

released in socially acceptable/admired behaviour

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20
Q

What is the defence mechanism intellectualization?

A

situation treated as intellectually interesting event

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21
Q

What is the defence mechanism displacement?

A

use secondary goal as an outlet

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22
Q

What is the defence mechanism projection?

A

attributing impulse to other people

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23
Q

What is the defence mechanism reaction formation?

A

exaggerated opposite behaviour

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24
Q

Free association:

A

Freud
patient is to say anything no matter how trivial, embarrassing or unrelated
analyst looks for association and resistance

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25
Q

Errors of speech and memory:

A
  • Freudian slips
  • absent-mindedness
  • Freud believes these are motivations
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26
Q

Evaluating Psychoanalytic Theory:

A

limited data, bias, conceptual

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27
Q

Evidence supporting Freud:

A

subconscious processing: semantic primary effect

repression: memory lapses during therapy

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28
Q

Evidence against Freud:

A

dreams, anthropological evidence: oedipus complex not culturally universal

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29
Q

Neoanalysts:

A

disagree with Freud- not enough focus on cultural and social aspects

30
Q

Adler

A
  • humans motivated by social interest

- coined inferiority complex: drive to compensate for imagined defects

31
Q

Jung (analytic psychology)

A
  • personal and collective unconscious

- memories represented by archetypes

32
Q

Object relations (Klein, Kernberg, Kohl, Haler)

A
  • look at representations people form of themselves and others early in life
  • parents model later relationships
  • early attachment with parents has big impact later
33
Q

Components of Carl Rogers self Theory

A

self, self-consistency, congruence, need for positive regard, unconditional positive regard, need for positive self regard, conditions of worth, fully functioning persons

34
Q

What perspective is Carl tiger’s Self Theory?

A

humanistic

35
Q

What does Carl Roger’s Self Theory state?

A

behaviour is response to immediate conscious experience of self and environment

36
Q

What is congruence (Rogers)

A

consistency between self-preception and experience

37
Q

What is unconditional positive regard (Rogers)?

A

child to parents (if don’t get in childhood, get conditions of worth)

38
Q

what is conditions of wroth (Rogers)?

A

dictate when approve ourselves (like superego)

39
Q

Who has more self-esteem in teen years?

A

men

40
Q

Who has more self-esteem in adulthood?

A

neither

41
Q

Whats related to people with higher self-esteem?

A

give into pressure less, achieve higher, better love lives, happier

42
Q

Whats related to people with lower self-esteem?

A

anxiety, depression, illness, poor social relationships, underachievement

43
Q

What is self-verification

A

need preserve self concept by maintaining self-consistency and congruence

44
Q

What is self-enhancement

A

need regard themselves positively

45
Q

What does the humanistic perspective rely on too much?

A

individual reports of experiences

46
Q

What does trait/biological perspective use?

A

factor analysis- allows researchers find which behaviours correlated

47
Q

Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors

A

people rated themselves and found 16 behaviour clusters

48
Q

What’s the 5 factor model?

A

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism (OCEAN) (6th sub category under each factor called facets) (NEO-PI test measures these)

49
Q

What’s self-monitoring?

A

one’s tendency to tailor behaviour the situation

50
Q

Eysenck

A

started 2 basic traits: introversion -extroversion and stability-instability (called instability-neuroticism) later added third: psychotics-self control

51
Q

Name the 3 cognitive theorists

A

Rotter, Bandura, Mischel

52
Q

What do social cognitive theorists focus on?

A

internal and external causes of personality

53
Q

What is reciprocal determination?

A

person, behaviour and environment all influence each other

54
Q

Rotter says whether we will do something is determined by:

A

expectancy and reinforcement value (how much desire/dread expected outcome)

55
Q

Internal/external locks of control

A

called generalized expectancy

56
Q

internal locus believe life outcomes are..

A

largely under personal control

57
Q

external locus believe fate has to do with…

A

luck, chance, others

58
Q

Bandura human agency

A

humans are active agents in own lives

59
Q

Bandura 4 processes

A

intentionality, forethought, self-reactiveness, self-reflectiveness

60
Q

what is self-efficacy?

A

beliefs concerning one’s ability perform whats needed

61
Q

4 determinants of self-efficacy:

A

previous performance attainments, observational learning, verbal persuasion, emotional arousal

62
Q

Mischel’s consistency paradox:

A

expect and perceive high consistency of personality, but in reality it varies greatly with situations

63
Q

Mischel’s cognitive-affective personality system:

A

person and situation matter

64
Q

If-then behaviour consistencies:

A

there is consistency in behaviour in similar situations

65
Q

Personality assessments

A

interviews, projective tests, rorschach inkblots, thematic apperception test, remote behaviour sampling, personality scales

66
Q

2 types of personality scales

A

rational and empirical approach

67
Q

2 types of projective tests

A

rorschach inkblots, thematic apperception test

68
Q

What tests do psychodynamic theorists prefer?

A

projective

69
Q

What tests do humanists prefer

A

self-report

70
Q

What test do social cognitive theorists prefer?

A

behaviour assessments/sampling

71
Q

What test do trait theorists/behaviour geneticists prefer?

A

personality scales

72
Q

What do biological personality researchers use?

A

emotional reactivity/brain processes

psychology1000 (4 decks)

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