Chapter 14

Question 1

the ability to apply qualitative research findings in other settings or situations

Answer 1

transferability

Question 2

a review of both qualitative and quantitative studies that results in a practice guideline incorporating elements of both types of research and focusing on how a treatment affects a patients life

Answer 2

integrative review

Question 3

a method of analysis in qualitative research that involves a review of data as they are gathered and comparison to data that have been interpreted to support or reject earlier conclusions

Answer 3

constant comparison

Question 4

a method of ensuring validity by having participants review and comment on the accuracy of transcripts, interpretations, or conclusions

Answer 4

member checking

Question 5

a type of triangulation in which multiple data collection methods are used, such as interviews, observation, and document review

Answer 5

method triangulation

Question 6

research that attempts to discover the meaning and interpretations of events, phenomena, or experiences by studying cases intensively in natural settings and by subjecting data to analytic interpretation

Answer 6

constructivist research

Question 7

a type of triangulation in which multiple data sources are used in a study

Answer 7

data source triangulation

Question 8

a method of limiting the effects of researcher bias and setting them aside by demonstrating awareness of potential suppositions of the researcher

Answer 8

bracketing

Question 9

a study of the features and interactions of a given culture

Answer 9

ethnography

Question 10

investment of sufficient time in the data collection process so that the researcher gains an in-depth understanding of the culture, language, or views of the group under study

Answer 10

prolonged engagement

Question 11

involvement of the researcher as an active participant in the culture under study to more thoroughly understand the culture without changing it

Answer 11

participant observation

Question 12

detailed descriptions of the context, environment, and nonverbal communications observed during data collection and inserted by the researcher into the transcripts to enrich the data interpretation process

Answer 12

field notes

Question 13

the meticulous descriptive exploration of a single unit of study such as a person, family group, or community

Answer 13

case research methods

Question 14

a type of triangulation in which more than one person is used to collect, analyze, or interpret a set of data

Answer 14

investigator triangulation

Question 15

a thorough and conscientious reflection and recording of the decisions that were made, procedures that were designed, and questions that were raised during analysis of data

Answer 15

audit trail

Question 16

investigation of the meaning of an experience among a group whose members have lived through it

Answer 16

phenomenology

Question 17

research aimed at discovering and developing a theory based on systematically collected data about a phenomenon. the intent is to discover a pattern of reactions, interactions, and relationships among people and their concerns

Answer 17

grounded theory

Question 18

a process that occurs when an observer has extended contact with the subjects of a study. the subjects revert to natural behaviors and come to disregard the observer’s presence

Answer 18

habituation

Question 19

a sensitivity to the ways in which the researcher and the research process have shaped the data; based on introspection and acknowledgement of bias

Answer 19

reflexivity

Question 20

the point at which no new information is being generated and the sample size is determined to be adequate

Answer 20

saturation

Question 21

enhancing credibility by cross-checking information and conclusions, using multiple data sources, using multiple research methods or researchers to study the phenomenon, or using multiple theories and perspectives to help interpret the data

Answer 21

triangulation

Question 22

a technique used in qualitative research in which the subjects are selected because they possess certain characteristics that will enhance the credibility of the study and because they can reliably inform the research question

Answer 22

purposeful sampling

Question 23

particular designs or approaches in qualitative research used to answer specific types of study questions

Answer 23

traditions

Question 24

sampling of individuals who meet certain inclusion criteria, who are then stratified according to other criteria

Answer 24

stratified purposive sampling

Question 25

a non probability sampling method that relies on referrals from the initial subjects to recruit additional subjects. this method is best used for studies involving subjects who possess sensitive characteristics or are difficult to find

Answer 25

snowball sampling

Question 26

a review of qualitative studies that combines a number of studies based on reestablished selection criteria and systematic appraisal of study quality

Answer 26

qualitative meta-synthesis

Question 27

a type of triangulation in which multiple perspectives are obtained from other researchers or published literature

Answer 27

theory triangulation

Question 28

sampling of unusual or special participants who exhibit the phenomenon of interest in its extremes

Answer 28

extreme case sampling

Question 29

the goal of qualitative inquiry

Answer 29

to identify the meaning of a phenomenon, event, or experience for an individual

Question 30

descriptive qualitative study

Answer 30

used for exploratory questions, establish basic knowledge

Question 31

interpretive qualitative study

Answer 31

used for extract meaning, emphasize process and context in understanding an experience