Chapter 12

Question 1

an intact group design that involves categorization of subjects into groups. An outcome is measured and differences are attributed to the differences in classification of subjects

Answer 1

Casual-comparative

Question 2

a subgroup of the sample of an experimental study from which the intervention is withheld

Answer 2

Control group

Question 3

a type of quasi-experimental design in which data are collected after the intervention is introduced. lack of baseline data may introduce extraneous variables in the results

Answer 3

nonequivalent comparison group posttest

Question 4

a subgroup of the sample of a quasi-experimental design from which the intervention is withheld. subjects are similar to and compared with the experimental group, but are not randomly assigned

Answer 4

Comparison group

Question 5

an intact-group design that involves observation of subjects who exhibit a characteristic matched with subjects who do not. differences between the subjects allow study of relationships between risk and disease without subjecting healthy individuals to illness

Answer 5

Case control group

Question 6

a type of quasi-experimental design in which only one group receives the intervention; an outcome is measured repeatedly over time

Answer 6

Time series designs

Question 7

studies of cause and effect similar to experimental designs but using convenience samples or existing groups to test interventions

Answer 7

quasi-experimental designs

Question 8

an intact-group design that relies on observation of the relationships between naturally occurring differences in the intervention and outcome

Answer 8

ex post facto research

Question 9

the strongest type of quasi-experimental design in which subject responses in two or more groups are measured before and after an intervention

Answer 9

nonequivalent comparison group before or after design

Question 10

highly structured studies of cause and effect applied to determine the effectiveness of an intervention

Answer 10

experimental designs

Question 11

research that uses measurement to determine the effectiveness of interventions

Answer 11

quantitative research

Question 12

research that uses PICO to ask research questions

Answer 12

quantitative research

Question 13

what does the P in pico stand for

Answer 13

population of interest

Question 14

what does the I in pico stand for

Answer 14

intervention under study

Question 15

what does the C in pico stand for

Answer 15

comparison that makes up the control

Question 16

what does the O in pico stand for

Answer 16

outcome of interest