Chapter 14 Flashcards
Describe Difference Between
PAT- (MAle) rilineal
and
MAT- (FEMale) rilineal
BIlateral
Before the arrival of Europeans in Canada, some Aboriginal bands were
PATrilineal (kinship along MALE line) and others
MATrilineal (determining kinship along FEMALE line).
BIlateral: BOTH SIDES of a person’s family are considered
important in determining kinship.
Describe Difference Between
NUCLEAR (parents and children)
and
EXTENDED (grandparents, in laws, cousins…)
FAMILIES
Traditionally, sociology has contrasted the
NUCLEAR family, consisting of unrelated adults or parents and children, with the
EXTENDED family includes kin members beyond the nuclear family, such as grandparents and cousins.
These terms suggest that the extended family is a
deviation from the “normal” nuclear family.
Describe Difference between
SIMPLE (UNRelated adults w/wo children)
and
COMPLEX (Related, UNMarried adults)
HOUSEHOLDS
An alternative and more neutral distinction is that between simple and complex households.
The marriage rate is decreasing while
cohabitation rate is increasing.
A SIMPLE household consists of UNRELATED ADULTS, with or without children.
e.g. a single adult or cohabiting couple, with or without children.
A COMPLEX household includes 2(+) ADULTS who are RELATED, BUT NOT MARRIED to each other and could reasonably be expected to live separately.
(e.g. parents living with their adult children or adult siblings living together).
Describe
CRUDE MARRIAGE RATE
COMMON-LAW / COHABITING UNIONS
Many changes are occurring in the Canadian family today. The CRUDE MARRIAGE RATE, the number
of marriages per 1000 people, is decreasing. Its crude because there is no stats manipulation to redefine the rate! It is MORE RELIABLE than normal marriage rate.
The number of COMMON-LAW UNIONS is rising,
though married couples still make up the predominant family structure in Canada.
The AVERAGE AGE of 1ST MARRIAGE is RISING.
While there are more divorces overall, the DIVORCE RATE is FALLING.
The annual divorce rate fluctuates however.
Describe
REPLACEMENT RATE
DECLINING FERTILITY RATE
The age of women giving birth for the first time is rising, children are leaving home at a later age.
The number of children per family has dropped below the REPLACEMENT RATE, the rate at which children must be born to maintain the current population.
More women are having children in 30’s leads to lower FECUNDITY, so couples without children now outnumber couples with children.
Describe
CLUTTERED NEST
Family Dynamics Stats
CLUTTERED NEST: more adult children are living with their parents.
There number of lone-parent families has been steadily increasing since the 1960s. There are also more people living alone than in the past, with the highest rate being among those 85 and older.
Describe MODERN QUEBEC
Quebec is distinct from the rest of Canada in family-related statistics, with the highest cohabitation
and divorce rates and the lowest marriage rates.
Quebecers also have high rates of approval for
pre- and extramarital sex and for same sex marriage.
Because Quebec has gone through a rapid process of modernization, it is greatly redefining family, along with other political, religious, and educational institutions.
Describe ELIZABETH BROTT
CONJUGAL ROLES
SEGREGATED and JOINT
CONJUGAL ROLES are the distinctive roles of the husband and wife that result from the division of
labour within the family.
ELIZABETH BROTT categorized these roles as either:
SEGREGATED conjugal roles with DIFFERENT tasks, interests, and activities
JOINT conjugal roles with SHARED tasks, interests, and activities.
Describe ROD BEAUJOT
COMPLEMENTARY => COMPANIONATE roles
More recently, ROD BEAUJOT looked at roles as either:
COMPLEMENTARY ROLES (with one partner doing paid work and the other responsible for housework and childcare) or
COMPANIONATE roles (with both partners
working outside the home and sharing in housework).
COMPLEMENTARY roles DO NOT OVERLAP.
Beaujot noted that a SHIFT is occurring from
COMPLEMENTARY => COMPANIONATE roles, though it is far from complete.
Describe
ENDO
EXO- Gamy
ENDOgamy is marrying someone within THE SAME ethnic, religious, or cultural GROUP.
EXOgamy is marrying someone with a DIFFERENT ethnic, religious, or cultural group.
Support for EXOGAMY in Canada is INCREASING.
However, MINORITY GROUP in Canada DO MOSTLY ENDOgamous relationships.
Describe ANN DUFFY and NANCY MANDELL
and
Immigrant and Aboriginal family discrimination
Both immigrant and Aboriginal families were negatively affected by Canadian policies.
HEAD TAXES and IMMIGRATION TAXES prevented
Chinese and South Asian families from reuniting in Canada.
ANN DUFFY and NANCY MANDELL note that women of colour have been denied family through immigration policies, which often required that women be SINGLE and CHILDLESS in order to STAY IN CANADA.
Describe RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS
SIXTIES SCOOP
Racist government policies targeting Aboriginal Canadians focused on the family.
RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS were created to keep Aboriginal children from their parents. This system kept children at boarding schools for most, if not all, of the year and discouraged parents from visiting. Children sent to these schools were often physically, emotionally, and sexually abused by staff.
Beginning in the 1960’s, Aboriginal children were also taken from their families through a practice known as the SIXTIES SCOOP. This practice involved removing these children from their Aboriginal communities and placing them in non-Aboriginal homes.
Describe ABORIGINALS and EUGENICS
EUGENICS targeted Aboriginal families.
Sterilization laws were passed in Alberta and British Columbia to prevent those deemed
“MENTALLY DEFECTIVE” from reproducing.
Lowering population and preventing the aboriginals from reproducing deem this GENOCIDE.
Aboriginal and Métis people accounted for an UNFAIRLY high number of those sterilized, with eastern European immigrants also targeted. This is SCIENTIFIC RACISM or even SCIENTIFIC CLASSISM.
Describe FAMILY
Describe KINSHIP
FAMILY is a social INSTITUTION found in all societies that UNITES PEOPLE in cooperative groups to oversee the bearing and RAISING CHILDREN.
KINSHIP is a SOCIAL BOND based on blood, marriage, or adoption.
Describe ARLIE HOCHSCHILD => DOUBLE BURDEN
OCCUPATIONAL SEGREGATION
GENDER STRATEGY
WORK INTERRUPTIONS
ARLIE HOCHSCHILD said that MARRIED WOMEN do MORE TOTAL WORK than married men, ESPECIALLY UNPAID WORK. The DOUBLE BURDEN is the extra responsibility for the majority housework on top of paid work. Its also called the double ghetto, or second shift.
The responsibility for childcare contributes to OCCUPATIONAL SEGREGATION, with women choosing to work in fields that have the greatest flexibility for work interruptions related to CHILDCARE.
GENDER STRATEGY is a PLAN of actions a person uses to SOLVE PROBLEMS in the CULTURAL CONTEXT.
WORK INTERRUPTIONS are commitments that women have to children ie. Stay home for sick kid, maternity leave for newborn. Women tend to do jobs with greater flexibility to account for work interruptions.
The difficulty of correcting this imbalance in households with small children has led some women to conclude that
“childLESSness is the easiest route to equality.”
