Chapter 14

Question 1

Authoritative

Answer 1

Style: -warm, responsive, permits child to make decisions or joint decisions, encouraging
-high warmth/acceptance, high involvement, adaptive control, appropriate autonomy.
Effects: upbeat, self-control, task persistence, academic achievement, cooperariveness, high self-esteem, responsiveness to parents views, social and moral maturity

Question 2

Authoritarian

Answer 2

Style: -cold and rejecting, coercive, psychological control, rarely listens to child
-low warmth, low involvement, high control, low autonomy
Effects: rebellious, antisocial, impaired in identity development

Question 3

Permissive

Answer 3

Style:-warm but overindulgent or inattentive, lax control, few demands, permits child to make many decisions before child is ready
-high warmth, low or high involvement, low control, high autonomy
Effects: impulsive, disobedient, rebellious, overly demanding and dependent, antisocial, poor academic achievement

Question 4

Uninvolved

Answer 4

Style:-emotionally detached or withdrawn, lax control, indifferent to child’s decision making or POV
-low warmth, low involvement, low control, indifferent autonomy
Effects:neglected, depression, anger, antisocial behavior, school achievement difficulties

Question 5

Explain the importance of “coregulation” in middle childhood and “autonomy” in adolescence.

Answer 5

Coregulation- a form of supervision in which parents exercise general oversight while letting children take charge of moment-by-moment decision making
Importance:supports ans protects children while preparing them for adolescence when they will make many important decisions.
Autonomy-a sense of oneself as a separate, self-governing individual
Importance: Helpful in successfully constructing personally meaningful values and life goals

Question 6

List some socioeconomic and ethnic variations in child rearing practices.

Answer 6

• Noneuroamericans may use more warmth, strict control and extended family
• High ses may get more father involvement, time, energy, material resources, involvment in decision. Cons: accomplishment pressure and isolation from adults
• Low ses can be stressful with more commands, criticism, coercive discipline, physical punishment and univolved fathers

Question 7

How are children affected when mothers work outside the home?

Answer 7

Pros: higher self-esteem, positive family and peer relations, fewer gender stereotypes, better grades, more father involvement
Cons: less time for children, family work-conflicts, risk of ineffective parenting

Question 8

How does divorce affect children? Are children of divorced homes equally likely to
 develop successfully (compared to non-divorced homes)? What can parents do to help their child adjust to their parent’s’ divorce?

Answer 8

Effects: (immediate) instability, conflict, drop in income, parental stress, disorganization; (long term) improved adjustment after 2 years, boys and difficult temperaments more likely to have problems, father’s involvement affects adjustment
Development: score slighly lower in academic achievement, self-esteem, social competence, and emotional and behavioral problems
To help: shield child from conflict and continue to coparent if possible